biostudies-literatureUnknown19(10)Hu JThe escalating generation of household medical waste, a byproduct of industrialization and global population growth, has rendered its transportation and logistics management a critical societal concern. This study delves into the optimization of routes for vehicles within the household medical waste logistics network, a response to the imperative of managing this waste effectively. The potential for environmental and public health hazards due to improper waste disposal is acknowledged, prompting the incorporation of contamination risk, influenced by transport duration, waste volume, and wind velocity, into the analysis. To enhance the realism of the simulation, traffic congestion is integrated into the vehicle speed function, reflecting the urban roads' variability. Subsequently, a Bi-objePloS onee0311582https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11458020biostudies-literatureOptimization of household medical waste recycling logistics routes: Considering contamination risks.PMC11458020Liu YHou JHu JZhang YZhang AfalseOptimization of household medical waste recycling logistics routes: Considering contamination risks.The escalating generation of household medical waste, a byproduct of industrialization and global population growth, has rendered its transportation and logistics management a critical societal concern. This study delves into the optimization of routes for vehicles within the household medical waste logistics network, a response to the imperative of managing this waste effectively. The potential for environmental and public health hazards due to improper waste disposal is acknowledged, prompting the incorporation of contamination risk, influenced by transport duration, waste volume, and wind velocity, into the analysis. To enhance the realism of the simulation, traffic congestion is integrated into the vehicle speed function, reflecting the urban roads' variability. Subsequently, a Bi-obje2024-01-01T00:00:00Z20242026-06-16T03:11:53.702Z2025-04-06T03:48:25.252ZS-EPMC114580203937431310.1371/journal.pone.0311582