biostudies-literatureUnknown12Tamboosi SE<h4>Background</h4>The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a patient-reported screening instrument that can be used to identify and assess central sensitization (CS)/Central Sensitization Syndrome (CSS)-related symptoms.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim was to translate the CSI into Arabic (CSI-Ar) and to subsequently validate its psychometric properties.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional.<h4>Methods</h4>The CSI was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Arabic, and validated following international standardized guidelines. This study included patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (<i>n</i> = 264) and healthy control participants (<i>n</i> = 56). Patients completed the CSI-Ar, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and 5-level EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). Patients completed the CSI-Ar twice to assess test-retest reliability. To evaluate discriminative validity, healthy controls participants completed the CSI-Ar. Statistical analyses were conducted to test the internal consistency, reliability, and structural, construct and discriminant validity of CSI-Ar.<h4>Results</h4>The CSI-Ar showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.919) and excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.874). The CSI-Ar scale had significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) with all PCS subscales and total score (Spearman's rho = 0.459-0.563, <i>P</i> < 0.001), all DASS-21 subscales and total score (Spearman's rho = 0.599-0.685, <i>P</i> < 0.001), the TSK (Spearman's rho = 0.395, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and the EQ-5D (Spearman's rho = -0.396, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The Mann-Whitney U-test showed a statistically significant difference between the patient group and the healthy control group (<i>P</i> < 0.001), with the healthy controls displaying a lower average CSI-Ar score (12.27 ± 11.50) when compared to the patient group (27.97 ± 16.08). Factor analysis indicated that the CSI-Ar is a unidimensional tool.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The CSI-Ar is a reliable and valid screening tool that can be used to assess CS/CSS-related symptoms in Arabic-speaking people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.PeerJe18251https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11468962biostudies-literatureCross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Central Sensitization Inventory in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.PMC11468962Alshehri FHS Alshehri YTamboosi SEAlzhrani MAlzahrani HfalseCross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the Central Sensitization Inventory in people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.<h4>Background</h4>The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) is a patient-reported screening instrument that can be used to identify and assess central sensitization (CS)/Central Sensitization Syndrome (CSS)-related symptoms.<h4>Objective</h4>The aim was to translate the CSI into Arabic (CSI-Ar) and to subsequently validate its psychometric properties.<h4>Design</h4>Cross-sectional.<h4>Methods</h4>The CSI was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Arabic, and validated following international standardized guidelines. This study included patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain (<i>n</i> = 264) and healthy control participants (<i>n</i> = 56). Patients completed the CSI-Ar, Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS), Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21), Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK), and 5-level EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D). Patients completed the CSI-Ar twice to assess test-retest reliability. To evaluate discriminative validity, healthy controls participants completed the CSI-Ar. Statistical analyses were conducted to test the internal consistency, reliability, and structural, construct and discriminant validity of CSI-Ar.<h4>Results</h4>The CSI-Ar showed acceptable internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.919) and excellent test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.874). The CSI-Ar scale had significant correlations (<i>P</i> < 0.001) with all PCS subscales and total score (Spearman's rho = 0.459-0.563, <i>P</i> < 0.001), all DASS-21 subscales and total score (Spearman's rho = 0.599-0.685, <i>P</i> < 0.001), the TSK (Spearman's rho = 0.395, <i>P</i> < 0.001), and the EQ-5D (Spearman's rho = -0.396, <i>P</i> < 0.001). The Mann-Whitney U-test showed a statistically significant difference between the patient group and the healthy control group (<i>P</i> < 0.001), with the healthy controls displaying a lower average CSI-Ar score (12.27 ± 11.50) when compared to the patient group (27.97 ± 16.08). Factor analysis indicated that the CSI-Ar is a unidimensional tool.<h4>Conclusion</h4>The CSI-Ar is a reliable and valid screening tool that can be used to assess CS/CSS-related symptoms in Arabic-speaking people with chronic musculoskeletal pain.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z20242026-06-13T05:43:03.5Z2025-04-04T01:16:41.646ZS-EPMC114689623939943010.7717/peerj.18251