biostudies-literatureFitzpatrick ZIntramural NIH HHSWellcome Trust612-619https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11482273biostudies-literatureUnknown628(8008)There is increasing interest in how immune cells in the meninges-the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord-contribute to homeostasis and disease in the central nervous system^1,2. The outer layer of the meninges, the dura mater, has recently been described to contain both innate and adaptive immune cells, and functions as a site for B cell development^3-6. Here we identify organized lymphoid structures that protect fenestrated vasculature in the dura mater. The most elaborate of these dural-associated lymphoid tissues (DALT) surrounded the rostral-rhinal confluence of the sinuses and included lymphatic vessels. We termed this structure, which interfaces with the skull bone marrow and a comparable venous plexus at the skull base, the rostral-rhinal venolymphaNatureVenous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity.PMC11482273ZIA NS003111ZIA NS003112Maric DTajsic THelmy ARosenblum JSLee CYCTuong ZKPenalver AMastorakos PMcGavern DBNegro-Demontel MLDonahue DGillman EZhuang ZFerdinand JRStewart APChandrashekhar VGhabdan Zanluqui NChittiboina PFitzpatrick ZAllinson KSJClatworthy MRPosner DABuckley MPortet AfalseVenous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity.There is increasing interest in how immune cells in the meninges-the membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord-contribute to homeostasis and disease in the central nervous system^1,2. The outer layer of the meninges, the dura mater, has recently been described to contain both innate and adaptive immune cells, and functions as a site for B cell development^3-6. Here we identify organized lymphoid structures that protect fenestrated vasculature in the dura mater. The most elaborate of these dural-associated lymphoid tissues (DALT) surrounded the rostral-rhinal confluence of the sinuses and included lymphatic vessels. We termed this structure, which interfaces with the skull bone marrow and a comparable venous plexus at the skull base, the rostral-rhinal venolympha2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Apr2025-04-04T14:37:33.621Z2025-04-04T14:37:33.621ZS-EPMC114822733850936610.1038/s41586-024-07202-9