biostudies-literatureUnknown29(38)van Leeuwen LPIn response to the mpox outbreak in 2022 and 2023, widespread vaccination with modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN, also known as JYNNEOS or Imvanex) was initiated. Here, we demonstrate that orthopoxvirus-specific binding and MVA-neutralising antibodies waned to undetectable levels 1 year post vaccination in at-risk individuals who received two doses of MVA-BN administered subcutaneously with an interval of 4 weeks, without prior smallpox or mpox vaccination. Continuous surveillance is essential to understand the impact of declining antibody levels.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletinhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11484288biostudies-literatureOrthopoxvirus-specific antibodies wane to undetectable levels 1 year after MVA-BN vaccination of at-risk individuals, the Netherlands, 2022 to 2023.PMC11484288GeurtsvanKessel CHSchmitz KSAkhiyate Nvan Royen MEShamier MCGotz HMWijnans KVerstrepen BEde Vries RDvan Leeuwen LPvan Gorp ECBogers SZaeck LMKoopmans MPfalseOrthopoxvirus-specific antibodies wane to undetectable levels 1 year after MVA-BN vaccination of at-risk individuals, the Netherlands, 2022 to 2023.In response to the mpox outbreak in 2022 and 2023, widespread vaccination with modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN, also known as JYNNEOS or Imvanex) was initiated. Here, we demonstrate that orthopoxvirus-specific binding and MVA-neutralising antibodies waned to undetectable levels 1 year post vaccination in at-risk individuals who received two doses of MVA-BN administered subcutaneously with an interval of 4 weeks, without prior smallpox or mpox vaccination. Continuous surveillance is essential to understand the impact of declining antibody levels.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Sep2025-04-04T19:45:34.229Z2025-04-04T19:45:34.229ZS-EPMC114842883930174110.2807/1560-7917.ES.2024.29.38.2400575