biostudies-literatureCordeiro REU4Health ProgrammeFundação para a Ciência e TecnologiaEuropean UnionEuropean Health and Digital Executive Agency2412635https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11486115biostudies-literatureUnknown13(1)In 2023, a second wave of the global mpox epidemic, which is mainly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM), was observed in some countries. Herein, we benefited from a large viral sequence sampling (76/121; 63%) and vast epidemiological data to characterise the re-emergence and circulation of the <i>Monkeypox virus</i> (MPXV) in Portugal during 2023. We also modelled transmission and forecasted public health scenarios through a compartmental susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model. Our results suggest that the 2023 mpox wave in Portugal resulted from limited introduction(s) of MPXV belonging to C.1.1 sublineage, hypothetically from Asia, followed by sustained viral transmission and potential exportation to other countries. We estimated that the contribution of the MSM highEmerging microbes & infectionsViral genetics and transmission dynamics in the second wave of mpox outbreak in Portugal and forecasting public health scenarios.PMC114861152020.10172.BD101113460de Carvalho ILRocha MCorreia IPinto RBorges VMaltez FBrazao CBaptista TNeves JMGoncalves MJGuimaraes MACaria JOliveira MSDuque LMLoyens DBFilipe PMansinho KCaetano CPFerreira RPeruzzu FCoelho LJoao ALPatrocinio de Jesus RSousa DSobral DDomingos JNuncio MSCordeiro RSalvador MBAlpalhao MFerreira LPelerito AMexia RMartins SNamorado SFernandes CVasconcelos JDuarte FSantos DPacheco PMendez JGomes JPPovoas DCasanova SVieira LAlves JVfalseViral genetics and transmission dynamics in the second wave of mpox outbreak in Portugal and forecasting public health scenarios.In 2023, a second wave of the global mpox epidemic, which is mainly affecting men who have sex with men (MSM), was observed in some countries. Herein, we benefited from a large viral sequence sampling (76/121; 63%) and vast epidemiological data to characterise the re-emergence and circulation of the <i>Monkeypox virus</i> (MPXV) in Portugal during 2023. We also modelled transmission and forecasted public health scenarios through a compartmental susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (SEIR) model. Our results suggest that the 2023 mpox wave in Portugal resulted from limited introduction(s) of MPXV belonging to C.1.1 sublineage, hypothetically from Asia, followed by sustained viral transmission and potential exportation to other countries. We estimated that the contribution of the MSM high2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Dec2026-07-15T04:58:20.845Z2025-04-06T23:14:30.565ZS-EPMC114861153936082710.1080/22221751.2024.2412635