biostudies-literatureUnknown21(1)Gern OLHelmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH (HZI)Viral encephalitis is characterized by a series of immunological reactions that can control virus infection in the brain, but dysregulated responses may cause excessive inflammation and brain damage. Microglia are brain-resident myeloid cells that are specialized in surveilling the local CNS environment and in case of viral brain infection they contribute to the control of the infection and to restriction of viral dissemination. Here, we report that after exposure to neurotropic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), murine in vitro microglia cultures showed rapid upregulation of a broad range of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes, which were stably expressed over the entire 8 h infection period. Additionally, a set of immunomodulatory genes was upregulated between 6 and 8 h post infection. IJournal of neuroinflammation264https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11490141biostudies-literatureMAVS signaling shapes microglia responses to neurotropic virus infection.PMC11490141Costa BGhita LAringo APavlou AMulenge FKalinke UStangel MSpanier JBusker LMGern OLWaltl IfalseMAVS signaling shapes microglia responses to neurotropic virus infection.Viral encephalitis is characterized by a series of immunological reactions that can control virus infection in the brain, but dysregulated responses may cause excessive inflammation and brain damage. Microglia are brain-resident myeloid cells that are specialized in surveilling the local CNS environment and in case of viral brain infection they contribute to the control of the infection and to restriction of viral dissemination. Here, we report that after exposure to neurotropic vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), murine in vitro microglia cultures showed rapid upregulation of a broad range of pro-inflammatory and antiviral genes, which were stably expressed over the entire 8 h infection period. Additionally, a set of immunomodulatory genes was upregulated between 6 and 8 h post infection. I2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Oct2025-04-04T01:11:43.935Z2025-04-04T01:11:43.935ZS-EPMC114901413942518810.1186/s12974-024-03258-6