{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Zhou S"],"funding":["Key Technologies Research and Development Program","National Key Research and Development Program of China","China Three Gorges Corporation"],"pagination":["100259"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11490804"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["25"],"pubmed_abstract":["High solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) achieves the benefits of high volumetric loading rates and lower reject water production, which, however, results in much more concentrated reject water with a remarkable increase in organics and nitrogen compared with that from conventional AD with low solid content. The high concentrations of ammonium (2000-3500 mg/L) and COD (3000-4000 mg/L) were reported to exert inhibition on anammox bacteria (AnAOB), posing challenges to the application of the partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A). To date, no cases of PN/A process start-up for sludge HSAD reject water were reported. This study demonstrated the start-up process of a 480 m<sup>3</sup>/d PN/A project without anammox sludge inoculation and treating HSAD reject water from a centralized dewatered sludge treatment plant. The project did not construct new infrastructures but utilized previously constructed tanks to upgrade the process from existing short-cut nitrification-denitrification to a two-stage PN/A process. Although no external anammox sludge inoculation was performed to save seeding sludge cost, the start-up was successfully achieved in about 9 months (273 days) based on a three-step method of \"AnAOB enrichment - sludge acclimation - capacity doubling\". During start-up, the relative abundance of AnAOB (Candidatus_<i>Kuenenia</i>) increased from near zero to 12.0%. After start-up, the total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal load reached 0.74 kgN/(m<sup>3</sup>•d), with a total nitrogen removal efficiency of over 90%. Compared to the traditional nitrification-denitrification process, the PN/A process remarkably reduces the addition of organic chemicals and aeration energy consumption, saving approximately 4.2 million yuan (RMB) in operational costs annually. In summary, this research provides a full-scale reference for the start-up of the PN/A process treating sludge HSAD reject water."],"journal":["Water research X"],"pubmed_title":["Start-up of a full-scale two-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process treating reject water from high solid anaerobic sludge digestion (HSAD)."],"pmcid":["PMC11490804"],"funding_grant_id":["202403018","2020YFC1908702"],"pubmed_authors":["Yang J","Zhou S","Zhang Y","Gu G","Xu E","Chen X","Wang X","Wang H","Gong H","Zhu D","Dai X"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Start-up of a full-scale two-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process treating reject water from high solid anaerobic sludge digestion (HSAD).","description":"High solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) achieves the benefits of high volumetric loading rates and lower reject water production, which, however, results in much more concentrated reject water with a remarkable increase in organics and nitrogen compared with that from conventional AD with low solid content. The high concentrations of ammonium (2000-3500 mg/L) and COD (3000-4000 mg/L) were reported to exert inhibition on anammox bacteria (AnAOB), posing challenges to the application of the partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A). To date, no cases of PN/A process start-up for sludge HSAD reject water were reported. This study demonstrated the start-up process of a 480 m<sup>3</sup>/d PN/A project without anammox sludge inoculation and treating HSAD reject water from a centralized dewatered sludge treatment plant. The project did not construct new infrastructures but utilized previously constructed tanks to upgrade the process from existing short-cut nitrification-denitrification to a two-stage PN/A process. Although no external anammox sludge inoculation was performed to save seeding sludge cost, the start-up was successfully achieved in about 9 months (273 days) based on a three-step method of \"AnAOB enrichment - sludge acclimation - capacity doubling\". During start-up, the relative abundance of AnAOB (Candidatus_<i>Kuenenia</i>) increased from near zero to 12.0%. After start-up, the total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) removal load reached 0.74 kgN/(m<sup>3</sup>•d), with a total nitrogen removal efficiency of over 90%. Compared to the traditional nitrification-denitrification process, the PN/A process remarkably reduces the addition of organic chemicals and aeration energy consumption, saving approximately 4.2 million yuan (RMB) in operational costs annually. In summary, this research provides a full-scale reference for the start-up of the PN/A process treating sludge HSAD reject water.","dates":{"release":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2024 Dec","modification":"2026-06-30T03:10:19.648Z","creation":"2026-06-29T03:09:54.723Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC11490804","cross_references":{"pubmed":["39429521"],"doi":["10.1016/j.wroa.2024.100259"]}}