biostudies-literatureFormal CLIntramural EPA1623-1636https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11492965biostudies-literatureUnknown10(7)Orthophosphate (PO₄) is a commonly used corrosion control treatment to reduce lead (Pb) concentrations in drinking water. PO₄ reduces Pb concentrations by forming relatively insoluble lead phosphate (Pb-PO₄) minerals. In some cases, however, Pb-PO₄ minerals have been observed to form nanoparticles, and if suspended in water, these nanoparticles can be mobile and reach consumer taps. Although recent research on Pb-PO₄ particles has been performed, there remains a need to improve our understanding of the nature of Pb-PO₄ nanoparticles. For that reason, Pb precipitation experiments were conducted to generate Pb-PO₄ nanoparticles in bench scale studies for analysis. The study objective was to observe how pH, dissolvedEnvironmental science : water research & technologyImpact of orthophosphate on the solubility and properties of lead orthophosphate nanoparticles.PMC11492965EPA999999Lytle DAWahman DGTang MDeSantis MKHarmon SFormal CLfalseImpact of orthophosphate on the solubility and properties of lead orthophosphate nanoparticles.Orthophosphate (PO₄) is a commonly used corrosion control treatment to reduce lead (Pb) concentrations in drinking water. PO₄ reduces Pb concentrations by forming relatively insoluble lead phosphate (Pb-PO₄) minerals. In some cases, however, Pb-PO₄ minerals have been observed to form nanoparticles, and if suspended in water, these nanoparticles can be mobile and reach consumer taps. Although recent research on Pb-PO₄ particles has been performed, there remains a need to improve our understanding of the nature of Pb-PO₄ nanoparticles. For that reason, Pb precipitation experiments were conducted to generate Pb-PO₄ nanoparticles in bench scale studies for analysis. The study objective was to observe how pH, dissolved2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Apr2025-07-04T03:05:48.616Z2025-07-04T03:05:48.616ZS-EPMC114929653943948810.1039/d4ew00152d