biostudies-literatureAlahmadi HNIEHS NIH HHSNational Institutes of HealthNIH HHS69-84https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11514836biostudies-literatureUnknown202(1)Phthalates are a class of known endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are found in common everyday products. Several studies associate phthalate exposure with detrimental effects on ovarian function, including growth and development of the follicle and production of steroid hormones. We hypothesized that dysregulation of the ovary by phthalates may be mediated by phthalate toxicity towards granulosa cells, a major cell type in ovarian follicles responsible for key steps of hormone production and nourishing the developing oocyte. To test the hypothesis that phthalates target granulosa cells, we harvested granulosa cells from adult CD-1 mouse ovaries and cultured them for 96 h in vehicle control, a phthalate mixture, or a phthalate metabolite mixture (0.1 to 100 μg/ml). After culture, we measuToxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of ToxicologyMixtures of phthalates disrupt expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling in mouse granulosa cells.PMC11514836R00ES031150R00ES031150-03S1R00ES031150-04S2R00 ES031150P30ES005022P30 ES005022Potts CLi ZFarrell RArinzeh NAlahmadi HWarner GRMartinez SBikienga RfalseMixtures of phthalates disrupt expression of genes related to lipid metabolism and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling in mouse granulosa cells.Phthalates are a class of known endocrine-disrupting chemicals that are found in common everyday products. Several studies associate phthalate exposure with detrimental effects on ovarian function, including growth and development of the follicle and production of steroid hormones. We hypothesized that dysregulation of the ovary by phthalates may be mediated by phthalate toxicity towards granulosa cells, a major cell type in ovarian follicles responsible for key steps of hormone production and nourishing the developing oocyte. To test the hypothesis that phthalates target granulosa cells, we harvested granulosa cells from adult CD-1 mouse ovaries and cultured them for 96 h in vehicle control, a phthalate mixture, or a phthalate metabolite mixture (0.1 to 100 μg/ml). After culture, we measu2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Nov2026-04-08T15:40:45.491Z2026-04-08T05:18:12.366ZS-EPMC115148363915089010.1093/toxsci/kfae105