biostudies-literatureChen JSJTU Trans-med Awards ResearchScience and Technology Commission of Shanghai MunicipalityJoint Clinical Research Center of Institute of Medical Robotics-Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityNational Multidisciplinary Treatment Project for Major Diseases391https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11523640biostudies-literatureUnknown25(1)<h4>Background</h4>Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) plays an important role during transbronchial sampling, providing an intraoperative cytopathologic evaluation. However, the shortage of cytopathologists limits its wide application. This study aims to develop a deep learning model to automatically analyze ROSE cytological images.<h4>Methods</h4>The hierarchical multi-label lung cancer subtyping (HMLCS) model that combines whole slide images of ROSE slides and serum biological markers was proposed to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions and recognize different subtypes of lung cancer. A dataset of 811 ROSE slides and paired serum biological markers was retrospectively collected between July 2019 and November 2020, and randomly divided to train, validate, and test the HMLCS modeRespiratory researchAutomatic lung cancer subtyping using rapid on-site evaluation slides and serum biological markers.PMC115236402020NMDTP21XD1434400IMR-XKH20210220210101Wu JHe CZheng XChen JXie JChen YLiu SZhang CGu PZhou YWang YSun JfalseAutomatic lung cancer subtyping using rapid on-site evaluation slides and serum biological markers.<h4>Background</h4>Rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) plays an important role during transbronchial sampling, providing an intraoperative cytopathologic evaluation. However, the shortage of cytopathologists limits its wide application. This study aims to develop a deep learning model to automatically analyze ROSE cytological images.<h4>Methods</h4>The hierarchical multi-label lung cancer subtyping (HMLCS) model that combines whole slide images of ROSE slides and serum biological markers was proposed to discriminate between benign and malignant lesions and recognize different subtypes of lung cancer. A dataset of 811 ROSE slides and paired serum biological markers was retrospectively collected between July 2019 and November 2020, and randomly divided to train, validate, and test the HMLCS mode2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Oct2026-07-15T15:32:40.587Z2025-04-19T18:14:27.329ZS-EPMC115236403947289510.1186/s12931-024-03021-8