biostudies-literatureUnknown14King LA<h4>Background</h4>Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells are antitumor immune effector cells that can detect metabolic dysregulation in cancer cells through phosphoantigen-induced conformational changes in the butyrophilin (BTN) 2A1/3A1 complex. In order to clinically exploit the anticancer properties of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, various approaches have been studied including phosphoantigen stimulation, agonistic BTN3A-specific antibodies, adoptive transfer of expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, and more recently bispecific antibodies. While Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells constitute a sizeable population, typically making up ~1-10% of the total T cell population, lower numbers have been observed with increasing age and in the context of disease.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated whether bivalent single domain antibodies (VHHs) that link Vδ2-TCR specific Frontiers in oncology1474007https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11527600biostudies-literatureVδ2 T-cell engagers bivalent for Vδ2-TCR binding provide anti-tumor immunity and support robust Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell expansion.PMC11527600King LAde Jong MLutje Hulsik DIglesias-Guimarais VVeth MYousefi Pvan Helden PMvan der Vliet HJde Gruijl TDfalseVδ2 T-cell engagers bivalent for Vδ2-TCR binding provide anti-tumor immunity and support robust Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell expansion.<h4>Background</h4>Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells are antitumor immune effector cells that can detect metabolic dysregulation in cancer cells through phosphoantigen-induced conformational changes in the butyrophilin (BTN) 2A1/3A1 complex. In order to clinically exploit the anticancer properties of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, various approaches have been studied including phosphoantigen stimulation, agonistic BTN3A-specific antibodies, adoptive transfer of expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, and more recently bispecific antibodies. While Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells constitute a sizeable population, typically making up ~1-10% of the total T cell population, lower numbers have been observed with increasing age and in the context of disease.<h4>Methods</h4>We evaluated whether bivalent single domain antibodies (VHHs) that link Vδ2-TCR specific 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z20242025-04-05T09:12:36.917Z2025-04-05T09:12:36.917ZS-EPMC115276003949345210.3389/fonc.2024.1474007