biostudies-literatureUnknown29(1)Cervaens MUniversidade Fernando Pessoa<h4>Background</h4>The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) scale assesses the severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), yet a European Portuguese translation is lacking.<h4>Objectives</h4>To translate, cross-culturally adapt and to examine the psychometric properties (construct validity and reliability) of the TMJ scale.<h4>Methods</h4>Translation and cultural adaptation were carried out according to international recommendations, including initial translation, evaluation of this translation and cultural adaptation by a panel of experts, and back translation. The final Portuguese version was used to examine the reliability and validity, and participants with TMD were recruited from a Portuguese outpatient clinic. Reliability measures included internal consistency with Cronbach's alphaOral and maxillofacial surgery3https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11527962biostudies-literaturePortuguese translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the temporomandibular joint scale: a cross-sectional study.PMC11527962Magalhaes AEsteves MAbreu VAmaral LCervaens MPereira JVilarinho RfalsePortuguese translation, cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the temporomandibular joint scale: a cross-sectional study.<h4>Background</h4>The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) scale assesses the severity of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), yet a European Portuguese translation is lacking.<h4>Objectives</h4>To translate, cross-culturally adapt and to examine the psychometric properties (construct validity and reliability) of the TMJ scale.<h4>Methods</h4>Translation and cultural adaptation were carried out according to international recommendations, including initial translation, evaluation of this translation and cultural adaptation by a panel of experts, and back translation. The final Portuguese version was used to examine the reliability and validity, and participants with TMD were recruited from a Portuguese outpatient clinic. Reliability measures included internal consistency with Cronbach's alpha2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Oct2026-06-11T05:18:25.643Z2025-04-06T15:24:25.714ZS-EPMC115279623948052910.1007/s10006-024-01300-8