biostudies-literatureKim NNational Research Foundation of KoreaRP98366https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11548875biostudies-literatureUnknown13This study investigates the variability among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in their responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recognizing that patients with advanced-stage NSCLC rarely qualify for surgical interventions, it becomes crucial to identify biomarkers that influence responses to ICI therapy. We conducted an analysis of single-cell transcriptomes from 33 lung cancer biopsy samples, with a particular focus on 14 core samples taken before the initiation of palliative ICI treatment. Our objective was to link tumor and immune cell profiles with patient responses to ICI. We discovered that ICI non-responders exhibited a higher presence of CD4+ regulatory T cells, resident memory T cells, and TH17 cells. This contrasts with the diverse activated CD8+ T cellseLifeUnveiling the influence of tumor and immune signatures on immune checkpoint therapy in advanced lung cancer.PMC11548875NRF-2022R1A2C1091451NRF-2017M3C9A6044636RS-2023-00220840NRF-2017M3C9A6044633Kim HKAhn MJEum HHJung HANa MJo ALee SHJeong DChoi JKLee KChoi JWPark SKim NSun JMKang HCho JHAhn JSKim JYLee HOKu BMLee JIfalseUnveiling the influence of tumor and immune signatures on immune checkpoint therapy in advanced lung cancer.This study investigates the variability among patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in their responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Recognizing that patients with advanced-stage NSCLC rarely qualify for surgical interventions, it becomes crucial to identify biomarkers that influence responses to ICI therapy. We conducted an analysis of single-cell transcriptomes from 33 lung cancer biopsy samples, with a particular focus on 14 core samples taken before the initiation of palliative ICI treatment. Our objective was to link tumor and immune cell profiles with patient responses to ICI. We discovered that ICI non-responders exhibited a higher presence of CD4+ regulatory T cells, resident memory T cells, and TH17 cells. This contrasts with the diverse activated CD8+ T cells2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Nov2026-07-15T09:43:00.295Z2025-04-04T18:56:09.854ZS-EPMC115488753951427610.7554/eLife.98366