biostudies-literatureSoRelle EDAmerican Cancer SocietyNIDCR NIH HHSSt. Baldrick's FoundationNIDCRNational Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship ProgramNational Cancer InstituteNCI NIH HHSe1012341https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11563402biostudies-literatureUnknown20(10)Viral infection leads to heterogeneous cellular outcomes ranging from refractory to abortive and fully productive states. Single cell transcriptomics enables a high resolution view of these distinct post-infection states. Here, we have interrogated the host-pathogen dynamics following reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). While benign in most people, EBV is responsible for infectious mononucleosis, up to 2% of human cancers, and is a trigger for the development of multiple sclerosis. Following latency establishment in B cells, EBV reactivates and is shed in saliva to enable infection of new hosts. Beyond its importance for transmission, the lytic cycle is also implicated in EBV-associated oncogenesis. Conversely, induction of lytic reactivation in latent EBV-positive tumors presents a PLoS pathogensEpstein-Barr virus reactivation induces divergent abortive, reprogrammed, and host shutoff states by lytic progression.PMC11563402GRFP #1644868T32 CA009111R01CA215185F31 DE033216PF-21-084-01-DMCR01 DE0259941F31DE033216R01DE025994T32CA009111U01 CA275306Luftig MAHaynes LESoRelle EDWillard KAChang BCh'ng JChristofk HfalseEpstein-Barr virus reactivation induces divergent abortive, reprogrammed, and host shutoff states by lytic progression.Viral infection leads to heterogeneous cellular outcomes ranging from refractory to abortive and fully productive states. Single cell transcriptomics enables a high resolution view of these distinct post-infection states. Here, we have interrogated the host-pathogen dynamics following reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). While benign in most people, EBV is responsible for infectious mononucleosis, up to 2% of human cancers, and is a trigger for the development of multiple sclerosis. Following latency establishment in B cells, EBV reactivates and is shed in saliva to enable infection of new hosts. Beyond its importance for transmission, the lytic cycle is also implicated in EBV-associated oncogenesis. Conversely, induction of lytic reactivation in latent EBV-positive tumors presents a 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Oct2026-07-16T21:45:22.118Z2025-04-06T01:46:00.336ZS-EPMC115634023944692510.1371/journal.ppat.1012341