biostudies-literatureQi JChina Agriculture Research System, a joint venture of the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsNational Key Research and Development Program of China242https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11568561biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)<h4>Background</h4>Long-distance road transportation is a common practice in the beef industry, frequently resulting in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and compromised growth performance. However, a comprehensive investigation integrating clinical performance, physiological conditions, and nasopharyngeal microflora remains lacking.<h4>Methods</h4>This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory health and immunometabolic status of 54 beef calves subjected to a 3000-km journey. The respiratory health of calves was monitored over 60 days post-arrival using a modified clinical scoring system. Nasopharyngeal microflora and venous blood samples were collected at 3 time points: before transportation (A), 30 days post-arrival (B), and 60 days post-arrival (C), for 16S rRNA microbiomics, whole-blood MicrobiomeMulti-omics investigation into long-distance road transportation effects on respiratory health and immunometabolic responses in calves.PMC11568561CARS-372022YFD1601600Huang FFang JQi JXie YGou LZuo ZGan LGuo HZhou XfalseMulti-omics investigation into long-distance road transportation effects on respiratory health and immunometabolic responses in calves.<h4>Background</h4>Long-distance road transportation is a common practice in the beef industry, frequently resulting in bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and compromised growth performance. However, a comprehensive investigation integrating clinical performance, physiological conditions, and nasopharyngeal microflora remains lacking.<h4>Methods</h4>This study aimed to evaluate the respiratory health and immunometabolic status of 54 beef calves subjected to a 3000-km journey. The respiratory health of calves was monitored over 60 days post-arrival using a modified clinical scoring system. Nasopharyngeal microflora and venous blood samples were collected at 3 time points: before transportation (A), 30 days post-arrival (B), and 60 days post-arrival (C), for 16S rRNA microbiomics, whole-blood 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Nov2026-07-12T03:11:18.879Z2025-04-19T09:56:51.514ZS-EPMC115685613954860210.1186/s40168-024-01962-2