biostudies-literatureFaleye TOCU.S. National Library of MedicineNLM NIH HHSe142https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11574596biostudies-literatureUnknown152By coupling long-range polymerase chain reaction, wastewater-based epidemiology, and pathogen sequencing, we show that adenovirus type 41 hexon-sequence lineages, described in children with hepatitis of unknown origin in the United States in 2021, were already circulating within the country in 2019. We also observed other lineages in the wastewater, whose complete genomes have yet to be documented from clinical samples.Epidemiology and infectionAdenovirus 41 diversity in Arizona (USA) using wastewater-based epidemiology, long-range PCR, and pathogen sequencing between October 2019 and March 2020.PMC11574596U01LM013129U01 LM013129Driver EMHalden RUYanez AScotch MElyaderani ASmith AFaleye TOCAdhikari SPerleberg TVarsani ASkidmore PKaiser NfalseAdenovirus 41 diversity in Arizona (USA) using wastewater-based epidemiology, long-range PCR, and pathogen sequencing between October 2019 and March 2020.By coupling long-range polymerase chain reaction, wastewater-based epidemiology, and pathogen sequencing, we show that adenovirus type 41 hexon-sequence lineages, described in children with hepatitis of unknown origin in the United States in 2021, were already circulating within the country in 2019. We also observed other lineages in the wastewater, whose complete genomes have yet to be documented from clinical samples.2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Nov2026-06-02T16:12:23.327Z2025-04-04T11:42:55.04ZS-EPMC115745963955213610.1017/S095026882400133X