{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"submitter":["Maher EE"],"funding":["NIDA NIH HHS","University of Kentucky","National Institutes of Health","National Institute on Drug Abuse"],"pagination":["110983"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11577355"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["252"],"pubmed_abstract":["Rates of tobacco and alcohol use in women are rising, and women are more vulnerable than men to escalating tobacco and alcohol use. Many women use hormonal birth control, with the oral contraceptive pill being the most prevalent. Oral contraceptives contain both a progestin (synthetic progesterone) and a synthetic estrogen (ethinyl estradiol; EE) and are contraindicated for women over 35 years who smoke. Despite this, no studies have examined how synthetic contraceptive hormones impact this pattern of polysubstance use in females. To address this critical gap in the field, we treated ovary-intact female rats with either sesame oil (vehicle), the progestin levonorgestrel (LEVO; contained in formulations such as Alesse®), or the combination of EE+LEVO in addition to either undergoing single (nicotine or saline) or polydrug (nicotine and ethanol; EtOH) self-administration (SA) in a sequential use model. Rats preferred EtOH over water following extended EtOH drinking experience as well as after nicotine or saline SA experience, and rats undergoing only nicotine SA (water controls) consumed more nicotine as compared to rats co-using EtOH and nicotine. Importantly, this effect was occluded in groups treated with contraceptive hormones. In the sequential use group, both LEVO alone and the EE+LEVO combination occluded the ability of nicotine to decrease EtOH consumption. Interestingly, demand experiments suggest an economic substitute effect between nicotine and EtOH. Together, we show that chronic synthetic hormone exposure impacts nicotine and EtOH sequential use, demonstrating the crucial need to understand how chronic use of different contraceptive formulations alter patterns of polydrug use in women."],"journal":["Drug and alcohol dependence"],"pubmed_title":["Synthetic contraceptive hormones occlude the ability of nicotine to reduce ethanol consumption in ovary-intact female rats."],"pmcid":["PMC11577355"],"funding_grant_id":["DA044479","R21 DA044479","R01 DA058933","DA046526","R21 DA055879","R33 DA049130","DA058933","R03 DA045881","DA049130","DA055879","R21 DA049130","R01 DA046526","DA045881"],"pubmed_authors":["Pallem N","Gipson CD","Sweatt O","Craig A","Khatri S","Weafer JJ","Maher EE","White AM","Breakfield G","Kaplan B","Beckmann JS","Kendrick PT","Bondy EO","Matocha ME","Botkins M","Griffin WC"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Synthetic contraceptive hormones occlude the ability of nicotine to reduce ethanol consumption in ovary-intact female rats.","description":"Rates of tobacco and alcohol use in women are rising, and women are more vulnerable than men to escalating tobacco and alcohol use. Many women use hormonal birth control, with the oral contraceptive pill being the most prevalent. Oral contraceptives contain both a progestin (synthetic progesterone) and a synthetic estrogen (ethinyl estradiol; EE) and are contraindicated for women over 35 years who smoke. Despite this, no studies have examined how synthetic contraceptive hormones impact this pattern of polysubstance use in females. To address this critical gap in the field, we treated ovary-intact female rats with either sesame oil (vehicle), the progestin levonorgestrel (LEVO; contained in formulations such as Alesse®), or the combination of EE+LEVO in addition to either undergoing single (nicotine or saline) or polydrug (nicotine and ethanol; EtOH) self-administration (SA) in a sequential use model. Rats preferred EtOH over water following extended EtOH drinking experience as well as after nicotine or saline SA experience, and rats undergoing only nicotine SA (water controls) consumed more nicotine as compared to rats co-using EtOH and nicotine. Importantly, this effect was occluded in groups treated with contraceptive hormones. In the sequential use group, both LEVO alone and the EE+LEVO combination occluded the ability of nicotine to decrease EtOH consumption. Interestingly, demand experiments suggest an economic substitute effect between nicotine and EtOH. Together, we show that chronic synthetic hormone exposure impacts nicotine and EtOH sequential use, demonstrating the crucial need to understand how chronic use of different contraceptive formulations alter patterns of polydrug use in women.","dates":{"release":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2023 Nov","modification":"2025-04-26T01:57:42.327Z","creation":"2025-04-06T10:19:29.648Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC11577355","cross_references":{"pubmed":["37778097"],"doi":["10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.110983"]}}