biostudies-literatureUnknownMasuda T<h4>Introduction</h4>Studies have shown the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BM). However, it is unclear whether the efficacy of ICI is similar between patients with and without BM. It is yet unclear whether the efficacy of ICI in patients with BM increases with higher levels of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, as observed in patients without BM.<h4>Methods</h4>We compared the outcomes of ICI treatment between patients with and without BM using a cohort containing 1741 prospectively enrolled patients with lung cancer. We investigated whether there were differences in the outcomes of ICI based on PD-L1 expression levels between these patients.<h4>Results</h4>We enrolled 240 paThoracic cancerhttps://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11609048biostudies-literatureEfficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors according to programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastasis: A real-world prospective observational study.PMC11609048Inoue TKanaji NIshikawa NKubota THotta KTsubata YNishii KYamasaki MKuyama SMasuda KKodani MMasuda THorie MKiura KYanai MHata KTakigawa NHattori NYamaguchi KMatsumoto NfalseEfficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors according to programmed cell death-ligand 1 expression in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and brain metastasis: A real-world prospective observational study.<h4>Introduction</h4>Studies have shown the antitumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and brain metastases (BM). However, it is unclear whether the efficacy of ICI is similar between patients with and without BM. It is yet unclear whether the efficacy of ICI in patients with BM increases with higher levels of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, as observed in patients without BM.<h4>Methods</h4>We compared the outcomes of ICI treatment between patients with and without BM using a cohort containing 1741 prospectively enrolled patients with lung cancer. We investigated whether there were differences in the outcomes of ICI based on PD-L1 expression levels between these patients.<h4>Results</h4>We enrolled 240 pa2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Oct2025-04-05T14:59:55.829Z2025-04-05T14:59:55.829ZS-EPMC116090483941545410.1111/1759-7714.15469