biostudies-literatureUnknown27(12)Lee STouch is an inherent source of tactile sensation in everyday life, followed by vision and audition. For rich tactile feedback, multimodal haptic feedback is necessary because a single touch simultaneously excites multiple types of tactile receptors. In this paper, we present a soft wearable thermotouch haptic interface (T²HI) that simultaneously and independently provides touch and thermal stimulation using only one end-effector, the thermotouch haptic actuator (T²HA). A T²HA consists of a pneumatic-based touch haptic actuator and a thermoelectric-based thermal haptic stimulator. A novel design for the harmonious integration of the two different parts with wearable air pumps was proposed. Finally, the efficacy of the T²HI with virtual reality (VRiScience111303https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11612809biostudies-literatureSoft wearable thermo+touch haptic interface for virtual reality.PMC11612809Lee SJang SCha YfalseSoft wearable thermo+touch haptic interface for virtual reality.Touch is an inherent source of tactile sensation in everyday life, followed by vision and audition. For rich tactile feedback, multimodal haptic feedback is necessary because a single touch simultaneously excites multiple types of tactile receptors. In this paper, we present a soft wearable thermotouch haptic interface (T²HI) that simultaneously and independently provides touch and thermal stimulation using only one end-effector, the thermotouch haptic actuator (T²HA). A T²HA consists of a pneumatic-based touch haptic actuator and a thermoelectric-based thermal haptic stimulator. A novel design for the harmonious integration of the two different parts with wearable air pumps was proposed. Finally, the efficacy of the T²HI with virtual reality (VR2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Dec2025-04-04T02:20:39.678Z2025-04-04T02:20:39.678ZS-EPMC116128093962855910.1016/j.isci.2024.111303