biostudies-literatureSun PNational Natural Science Foundation of China1488976https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11625580biostudies-literatureUnknown15Recently, due to the widespread use of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide penoxsulam in paddy fields in China, <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv. has become a problematic grass weed that is frequently not controlled, posing a threat to weed management and rice yield. There are many reports on target-site mutations of ALS inhibiting herbicides; however, the detailed penoxsulam resistance mechanism in <i>E. crus-galli</i> remains to be determined. Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to characterize target-site resistance mechanisms in JL-R, AH-R, and HLJ-R suspected resistant populations of <i>E. crus-galli</i> survived the field-recommended dose of penoxsulam. The whole-plant dose-response testing of <i>E. crus-galli</i> to penoxsulam confirmed the eFrontiers in plant scienceTrp-574-Leu and the novel Pro-197-His/Leu mutations contribute to penoxsulam resistance in <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv.PMC11625580U20A2038Li XSun PChen JCui HNiu LYu HHe PfalseTrp-574-Leu and the novel Pro-197-His/Leu mutations contribute to penoxsulam resistance in <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv.Recently, due to the widespread use of the acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide penoxsulam in paddy fields in China, <i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i> (L.) P. Beauv. has become a problematic grass weed that is frequently not controlled, posing a threat to weed management and rice yield. There are many reports on target-site mutations of ALS inhibiting herbicides; however, the detailed penoxsulam resistance mechanism in <i>E. crus-galli</i> remains to be determined. Greenhouse and laboratory studies were conducted to characterize target-site resistance mechanisms in JL-R, AH-R, and HLJ-R suspected resistant populations of <i>E. crus-galli</i> survived the field-recommended dose of penoxsulam. The whole-plant dose-response testing of <i>E. crus-galli</i> to penoxsulam confirmed the e2024-01-01T00:00:00Z20242026-06-03T01:08:17.312Z2025-04-04T01:57:49.372ZS-EPMC116255803965496310.3389/fpls.2024.1488976