biostudies-literatureUnknown112Yang GNational Natural Science Foundation of ChinaThe hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a major obstacle to impede cancer immunotherapy. Here, we found that sononeoperfusion-a new effect of tumor perfusion enhancement induced by low mechanical index ultrasound stimulated microbubble cavitation (USMC)-ameliorated tumor tissue oxygenation and induced tumor vascular normalization (TVN). This TVN might be associated with the down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) within tumors. Moreover, the sononeoperfusion effect reduced the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs), and decreased the production of immune inhibitory Ultrasonics sonochemistry107115https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11635779biostudies-literatureAlleviating Tumor Hypoxia and Immunosuppression via Sononeoperfusion: A New Ally for potentiating anti-PD-L1 blockade of solid Tumor.PMC11635779Yao LZhou MYang GLi HYang JZhang JDong XLi NYang XTang JLiu ZZhang YWu YYin JLuo TfalseAlleviating Tumor Hypoxia and Immunosuppression via Sononeoperfusion: A New Ally for potentiating anti-PD-L1 blockade of solid Tumor.The hypoxic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) remains a major obstacle to impede cancer immunotherapy. Here, we found that sononeoperfusion-a new effect of tumor perfusion enhancement induced by low mechanical index ultrasound stimulated microbubble cavitation (USMC)-ameliorated tumor tissue oxygenation and induced tumor vascular normalization (TVN). This TVN might be associated with the down-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) within tumors. Moreover, the sononeoperfusion effect reduced the accumulation of immunosuppressive cells, such as regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and M2-like tumor-associated macrophages (M2-TAMs), and decreased the production of immune inhibitory 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Oct2025-04-22T13:09:05.656Z2025-04-06T00:35:39.617ZS-EPMC116357793948211610.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107115