biostudies-literatureShen ZSarcoma UK1674https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11659629biostudies-literatureUnknown7(1)Mitotic activity is an important feature for grading several cancer types. However, counting mitotic figures (cells in division) is a time-consuming and laborious task prone to inter-observer variation. Inaccurate recognition of MFs can lead to incorrect grading and hence potential suboptimal treatment. This study presents an artificial intelligence-based approach to detect mitotic figures in digitised whole-slide images stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Advances in this area are hampered by the small size and variety of datasets available. To address this, we create the largest dataset of mitotic figures (N = 74,620), combining an in-house dataset of soft tissue tumours with five open-source datasets. We then employ a two-stage framework, named the Optimised Mitoses Generator Network (Communications biologyA deep learning framework deploying segment anything to detect pan-cancer mitotic figures from haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides.PMC11659629SUK18.2021Andrei VAmary FBrand DTirabosco RCollins-Fekete CAKara EButters TTrevers KShen ZSimard MHaefliger SOumlil FRoyle GFlanagan AMAl-Khader ACool PHawkins MAfalseA deep learning framework deploying segment anything to detect pan-cancer mitotic figures from haematoxylin and eosin-stained slides.Mitotic activity is an important feature for grading several cancer types. However, counting mitotic figures (cells in division) is a time-consuming and laborious task prone to inter-observer variation. Inaccurate recognition of MFs can lead to incorrect grading and hence potential suboptimal treatment. This study presents an artificial intelligence-based approach to detect mitotic figures in digitised whole-slide images stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Advances in this area are hampered by the small size and variety of datasets available. To address this, we create the largest dataset of mitotic figures (N = 74,620), combining an in-house dataset of soft tissue tumours with five open-source datasets. We then employ a two-stage framework, named the Optimised Mitoses Generator Network (2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Dec2025-04-03T23:08:51.478Z2025-04-03T23:08:51.478ZS-EPMC116596293970241710.1038/s42003-024-07398-6