biostudies-literatureUnknown20(1)Chang MC<h4>Background/purpose</h4>Revascularization procedures are used over apexification to treat teeth with necrotic pulp tissues and incomplete root formation. Clinically, inducing proliferation, migration, matrix deposition, and differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are critical for pulp regeneration. The study aimed to elucidate the impact of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) on plasminogen activation molecules and the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs, as well as understand the related signaling mechanisms.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>SCAPs were exposed to BMP-4 with or without signal transduction inhibitors. Cell viability was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. mRNA levels were quantified using real-Journal of dental sciences646-659https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11762932biostudies-literatureBone morphogenetic protein-4 induced matrix turnover and osteogenic differentiation-related molecules of stem cells from apical papilla and its associated ALK/Smad signaling.PMC11762932Chang HWChang HHChao YCZhong BHChen YCChang MCJeng JHPan YHfalseBone morphogenetic protein-4 induced matrix turnover and osteogenic differentiation-related molecules of stem cells from apical papilla and its associated ALK/Smad signaling.<h4>Background/purpose</h4>Revascularization procedures are used over apexification to treat teeth with necrotic pulp tissues and incomplete root formation. Clinically, inducing proliferation, migration, matrix deposition, and differentiation of stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) are critical for pulp regeneration. The study aimed to elucidate the impact of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) on plasminogen activation molecules and the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of SCAPs, as well as understand the related signaling mechanisms.<h4>Materials and methods</h4>SCAPs were exposed to BMP-4 with or without signal transduction inhibitors. Cell viability was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. mRNA levels were quantified using real-2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jan2025-04-18T12:48:38.041Z2025-04-06T22:09:59.049ZS-EPMC117629323987307810.1016/j.jds.2024.11.002