biostudies-literatureZhao CSNEI NIH HHSNational Eye Institute124-131https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11774680biostudies-literatureUnknown50(2)<h4>Purpose</h4>To extend cross-sectional data on cytokine ratios (CRs) in dry eye disease (DED) signs by investigating longitudinal change in pro- to anti-inflammatory CRs and associations with change in DED signs and symptoms.<h4>Methods</h4>Secondary analysis of fifty-four subjects [mean age 57.3 (SD 13.2) years, 85.2% female; 68.5% white] with ≥ 4 uL pooled tear volumes at months 0, 6, and 12. Pro-inflammatory (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-g, and TNF-a) to anti-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-10) cytokine ratios (CR) were calculated. DED signs (corneal and conjunctival staining scores, tear break-up time, Schirmer test, Meibomian gland plugging, tear osmolarity, composite sign severity score) and symptoms [Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)] were measured. Changes over time in DED signs, symCurrent eye researchLongitudinal Analysis of Tear Cytokine Ratios in Association with Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study.PMC11774680U10 EY022881R21EY031338R21 EY031338U10EY022881U10 EY022879U10EY022879Zhao CSYing GSDry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study GroupChen YAsbell PAYu YfalseLongitudinal Analysis of Tear Cytokine Ratios in Association with Dry Eye Signs and Symptoms in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study.<h4>Purpose</h4>To extend cross-sectional data on cytokine ratios (CRs) in dry eye disease (DED) signs by investigating longitudinal change in pro- to anti-inflammatory CRs and associations with change in DED signs and symptoms.<h4>Methods</h4>Secondary analysis of fifty-four subjects [mean age 57.3 (SD 13.2) years, 85.2% female; 68.5% white] with ≥ 4 uL pooled tear volumes at months 0, 6, and 12. Pro-inflammatory (IL-1b, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17A, IFN-g, and TNF-a) to anti-inflammatory (IL-6, IL-10) cytokine ratios (CR) were calculated. DED signs (corneal and conjunctival staining scores, tear break-up time, Schirmer test, Meibomian gland plugging, tear osmolarity, composite sign severity score) and symptoms [Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI)] were measured. Changes over time in DED signs, sym2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Feb2026-06-10T09:07:18.117Z2026-06-10T03:12:40.644ZS-EPMC117746803926729410.1080/02713683.2024.2398113