biostudies-literatureZhang JBLRD VANIA NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHSFoundation for the National Institutes of HealthU.S. Department of DefenseUnited States Department of DefenseNIH HHSCenter for Integrated Healthcare, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs2052-2060https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11804753biostudies-literatureUnknown206(9)RUNX1 overlapping RNA (RUNXOR) is a long noncoding RNA and a key regulator of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) via targeting runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). We and others have previously reported MDSC expansion and inhibition of host immune responses during viral infections; however, the mechanisms regulating MDSC differentiation and suppressive functions, especially the role of RUNXOR-RUNX1 in the regulation of MDSCs in people living with HIV (PLHIV), remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that RUNXOR and RUNX1 expressions are upregulated in MDSCs that expand and accumulate in human PBMCs derived from PLHIV. We found that the upregulation of RUNXOR and RUNX1 is associated with the expressions of several key immunosuppressive molecules, including arginase 1, indJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)Long Noncoding RNA RUNXOR Promotes Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion and Functions via Enhancing Immunosuppressive Molecule Expressions during Latent HIV Infection.PMC118047531I01BX002670S10OD0215721I01BX004281R15AG050456PR170067S10 OD021572I01 BX002670R01AI114748R15 AG050456R21AI138598R01 AI114748R21 AI138598I01 BX004281El Gazzar MNguyen LNTMorrison ZDMoorman JPZhang JLu ZCao DKhanal SThakuri BKCWang LJiang YNing SNguyen LNYao ZQWu XYZhao JDang XSchank MfalseLong Noncoding RNA RUNXOR Promotes Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Expansion and Functions via Enhancing Immunosuppressive Molecule Expressions during Latent HIV Infection.RUNX1 overlapping RNA (RUNXOR) is a long noncoding RNA and a key regulator of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) via targeting runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1). We and others have previously reported MDSC expansion and inhibition of host immune responses during viral infections; however, the mechanisms regulating MDSC differentiation and suppressive functions, especially the role of RUNXOR-RUNX1 in the regulation of MDSCs in people living with HIV (PLHIV), remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that RUNXOR and RUNX1 expressions are upregulated in MDSCs that expand and accumulate in human PBMCs derived from PLHIV. We found that the upregulation of RUNXOR and RUNX1 is associated with the expressions of several key immunosuppressive molecules, including arginase 1, ind2021-01-01T00:00:00Z2021 May2025-04-04T02:43:22.822Z2025-04-04T02:43:22.822ZS-EPMC118047533382085410.4049/jimmunol.2001008