biostudies-literatureHui HHenan Province Key Subjects of MedicineMedical Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province5246https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11822014biostudies-literatureUnknown15(1)Thioredoxin Related Transmembrane Protein 1 (TMX1) encodes a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase and regulates cleavage, formation, or isomerization of disulfide bonds among cysteine residues in proteins. Using bioinformatic analysis, we firstly prove TMX1 is significantly upregulated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and associated with poor prognosis of LGG patients. Besides, it's also highly expressed in higher WHO grade, 1p/19q non-co-deleted and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype LGGs, thus we established a TMX1-based nomogram model, which exhibits a strong and stable predictive ability in the prognosis of LGG patients. Then, we also noticed that TMX1 was significantly associated with the immune cell infiltrations in LGGs, especially in B cell, CD8⁺ T cell, CD4⁺T celScientific reportsThioredoxin related transmembrane protein 1acts as a prognostic indictor and promotes proliferation and TMZ resistance of lower-grade glioma.PMC11822014NALHGJ20230526Pei SWang PShang JDeng ZHui HZhou WZhou FZhou XfalseThioredoxin related transmembrane protein 1acts as a prognostic indictor and promotes proliferation and TMZ resistance of lower-grade glioma.Thioredoxin Related Transmembrane Protein 1 (TMX1) encodes a thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase and regulates cleavage, formation, or isomerization of disulfide bonds among cysteine residues in proteins. Using bioinformatic analysis, we firstly prove TMX1 is significantly upregulated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) and associated with poor prognosis of LGG patients. Besides, it's also highly expressed in higher WHO grade, 1p/19q non-co-deleted and isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wildtype LGGs, thus we established a TMX1-based nomogram model, which exhibits a strong and stable predictive ability in the prognosis of LGG patients. Then, we also noticed that TMX1 was significantly associated with the immune cell infiltrations in LGGs, especially in B cell, CD8⁺ T cell, CD4⁺T cel2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Feb2026-06-01T21:14:02.875Z2025-04-06T10:36:09.696ZS-EPMC118220143993941310.1038/s41598-025-89908-y