biostudies-literatureZhao JYunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young and Elite Talents ProjectNational Natural Science Foundation of China66https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11829554biostudies-literatureUnknown21(1)<h4>Background</h4>The Highly Pathogenic Island (HPI) found in Yersinia pestis can be horizontally transferred to E. coli, enhancing its virulence and pathogenicity. Ubiquitin (Ub) acts as an activator of the NF-κB pathway and plays a critical role in the inflammatory response. However, the precise mechanism by which Ub and the regulated TLR4/NF-κB pathway contribute to HPI-induced intestinal inflammation in E. coli remains unclear.<h4>Results</h4>In this study, we established Ub overexpression models of small intestinal epithelial cells (in vitro) and BALB/c mice (in vivo) and infected these models with HPI-rich E. coli. We investigated the role of the Ub-regulated TLR4/NF-κB pathway in E. coli HPI-induced intestinal inflammation through qPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistBMC veterinary researchEscherichia coli HPI-induced duodenitis through ubiquitin regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.PMC11829554YNWR-CYJS-2018-04731960692Gao BShen JCha JChen LWang HGao HShan CXiao PYang WZhao RXiao JWang SXin AZhao JZhang BLiu GfalseEscherichia coli HPI-induced duodenitis through ubiquitin regulation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.<h4>Background</h4>The Highly Pathogenic Island (HPI) found in Yersinia pestis can be horizontally transferred to E. coli, enhancing its virulence and pathogenicity. Ubiquitin (Ub) acts as an activator of the NF-κB pathway and plays a critical role in the inflammatory response. However, the precise mechanism by which Ub and the regulated TLR4/NF-κB pathway contribute to HPI-induced intestinal inflammation in E. coli remains unclear.<h4>Results</h4>In this study, we established Ub overexpression models of small intestinal epithelial cells (in vitro) and BALB/c mice (in vivo) and infected these models with HPI-rich E. coli. We investigated the role of the Ub-regulated TLR4/NF-κB pathway in E. coli HPI-induced intestinal inflammation through qPCR, ELISA, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemist2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Feb2026-06-02T04:21:26.291Z2025-06-27T03:05:47.075ZS-EPMC118295543995359610.1186/s12917-025-04515-3