biostudies-literatureMiller MENIBIB NIH HHSNIA NIH HHSODCDC CDC HHSCommon FundNational Institute for Biomedical Imaging and BioengineeringNIH HHS1046-1053https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11832335biostudies-literatureUnknown135(3)<h4>Objectives</h4>Here we describe the development and pilot testing of the first artificial intelligence (AI) software "copilot" to help train novices to competently perform flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) on a mannikin and improve their uptake of FFL skills.<h4>Methods</h4>Supervised machine learning was used to develop an image classifier model, dubbed the "anatomical region classifier," responsible for predicting the location of camera in the upper aerodigestive tract and an object detection model, dubbed the "anatomical structure detector," responsible for locating and identifying key anatomical structures in images. Training data were collected by performing FFL on an AirSim Combo Bronchi X mannikin (United Kingdom, TruCorp Ltd) using an Ambu aScope 4 RhinoLaryngo Slim connecThe LaryngoscopeDevelopment of Machine Learning Copilot to Assist Novices in Learning Flexible Laryngoscopy.PMC11832335OT2 OD032720K76 AG0790401R41EB034186-01R41 EB034186Lina IWitte DRameau AWalsh JBhatti NIMiller MEfalseDevelopment of Machine Learning Copilot to Assist Novices in Learning Flexible Laryngoscopy.<h4>Objectives</h4>Here we describe the development and pilot testing of the first artificial intelligence (AI) software "copilot" to help train novices to competently perform flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy (FFL) on a mannikin and improve their uptake of FFL skills.<h4>Methods</h4>Supervised machine learning was used to develop an image classifier model, dubbed the "anatomical region classifier," responsible for predicting the location of camera in the upper aerodigestive tract and an object detection model, dubbed the "anatomical structure detector," responsible for locating and identifying key anatomical structures in images. Training data were collected by performing FFL on an AirSim Combo Bronchi X mannikin (United Kingdom, TruCorp Ltd) using an Ambu aScope 4 RhinoLaryngo Slim connec2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Mar2026-07-12T03:14:43.519Z2026-07-12T03:11:12.268ZS-EPMC118323353936366110.1002/lary.31812