biostudies-literatureWang JSichuan Province Science and Technology Support ProgramSichuan Provincial Science and Technology Support ProgramScience and Technology Department of Zhejiang ProvinceKey research and development program of Zhejiang Provincee70280https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11843473biostudies-literatureUnknown31(2)<h4>Aims</h4>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the supplementary motor area (SMA) may treat Tourette's syndrome (TS) by modulating the function of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) via the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a randomized longitudinal study to examine circuit functionality and clinical efficacy. The GPi was identified as an "effective region" for TS treatment. Using functional MRI, individualized targets within the SMA were identified. Function-specific targets [left SMA (n = 19), right SMA (n = 16)] were compared with conventional scalp-localized SMA targets (n = 19). Age- and gender-matched typical developmental children (TDC) served as controls (n = 48). TS patients received 50 Hz continuous theta burst stimuCNS neuroscience & therapeuticsFunction-Specific Localization in the Supplementary Motor Area: A Potential Effective Target for Tourette Syndrome.PMC118434732024ZYD01892025C02078Deng XPChen XQSu QYLi XLGao LYZang YFLou YTWang YWang JFeng JHYue JfalseFunction-Specific Localization in the Supplementary Motor Area: A Potential Effective Target for Tourette Syndrome.<h4>Aims</h4>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) targeting the supplementary motor area (SMA) may treat Tourette's syndrome (TS) by modulating the function of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) via the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted a randomized longitudinal study to examine circuit functionality and clinical efficacy. The GPi was identified as an "effective region" for TS treatment. Using functional MRI, individualized targets within the SMA were identified. Function-specific targets [left SMA (n = 19), right SMA (n = 16)] were compared with conventional scalp-localized SMA targets (n = 19). Age- and gender-matched typical developmental children (TDC) served as controls (n = 48). TS patients received 50 Hz continuous theta burst stimu2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Feb2026-06-01T12:59:31.38Z2025-04-04T01:13:24.223ZS-EPMC118434733998177010.1111/cns.70280