biostudies-literatureBaker TNational Research Foundation of South Africa86https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11856701biostudies-literatureUnknown11(2)Wastewater surveillance is a promising tool to monitor potential outbreaks and determine the disease burden within a community. This system has been extensively used to monitor polio and COVID-19 infection levels, yet few attempts have been made to apply it to monitoring pathogenic yeast. This study aimed to investigate the application of wastewater surveillance for potentially pathogenic yeast in wastewater treatment plant influent. This was done by comparing culture-dependent data with culture-independent data and investigating the fluconazole concentration in wastewater. Additional studies on the growth of isolated strains were conducted. We found that a multiplex PCR system to detect multiple yeasts holds promise as a molecular detection tool for wastewater surveillance. Culture-dependJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)Culture-Dependent and -Independent Wastewater Surveillance for Multiple Pathogenic Yeasts.PMC11856701115566Sebolai OMPohl CHBaker TBester PAAlbertyn JfalseCulture-Dependent and -Independent Wastewater Surveillance for Multiple Pathogenic Yeasts.Wastewater surveillance is a promising tool to monitor potential outbreaks and determine the disease burden within a community. This system has been extensively used to monitor polio and COVID-19 infection levels, yet few attempts have been made to apply it to monitoring pathogenic yeast. This study aimed to investigate the application of wastewater surveillance for potentially pathogenic yeast in wastewater treatment plant influent. This was done by comparing culture-dependent data with culture-independent data and investigating the fluconazole concentration in wastewater. Additional studies on the growth of isolated strains were conducted. We found that a multiplex PCR system to detect multiple yeasts holds promise as a molecular detection tool for wastewater surveillance. Culture-depend2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Jan2025-04-22T18:58:55.609Z2025-04-06T02:35:57.56ZS-EPMC118567013999738010.3390/jof11020086