biostudies-literatureNguyen-Ngoc LVingroup Innovation Foundation81https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11862000biostudies-literatureUnknown17(2)Five species of <i>Alexandrium</i> (<i>A. affine</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>fraterculus</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>leei</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>pseudogonyaulax,</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>tamiyavanichii</i>) are commonly found in Vietnamese waters. They were distinguished based on their apical pore complex (A.P.C), precingular first plate (1'), ventral pore (Vp), and sulcal platelets. A genetic analysis was conducted using nuclear rDNA sequences of ITS and LSU (D1-D3, D8-D10). The growth rates of <i>A</i>. <i>fraterculus</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>leei</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>tamiyavanichii</i>, and <i>A</i>. <i>pseudogonyaulax</i> were quite similar. Specifically, these four species had the highest growth rates at two temperature levels of 24 °C and 27 °C, at salinities ranging from 25 psu to 35 psu. Furthermore, these species were ToxinsPhylogenetic and Autecology Characteristics of Five Potentially Harmful Dinoflagellate &lt;i&gt;Alexandrium&lt;/i&gt; Species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales, Pyrocystaceae) in Tropical Waters: &lt;i&gt;A. affine&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. fraterculus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. leei&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. pseudogonyaulax&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;A. tamiyavanichii&lt;/i&gt;.PMC11862000VINIF.2022.DA.00079Tran-Thi LVPham AHLuat DMPham HMNguyen-Ngoc LKrock BDo HHHuynh-Thi NDNguyen-Tam VNhan-Luu TTDoan-Nhu HTran-Thi MHfalsePhylogenetic and Autecology Characteristics of Five Potentially Harmful Dinoflagellate &lt;i&gt;Alexandrium&lt;/i&gt; Species (Dinophyceae, Gonyaulacales, Pyrocystaceae) in Tropical Waters: &lt;i&gt;A. affine&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. fraterculus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. leei&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;A. pseudogonyaulax&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;A. tamiyavanichii&lt;/i&gt;.Five species of <i>Alexandrium</i> (<i>A. affine</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>fraterculus</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>leei</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>pseudogonyaulax,</i> and <i>A</i>. <i>tamiyavanichii</i>) are commonly found in Vietnamese waters. They were distinguished based on their apical pore complex (A.P.C), precingular first plate (1'), ventral pore (Vp), and sulcal platelets. A genetic analysis was conducted using nuclear rDNA sequences of ITS and LSU (D1-D3, D8-D10). The growth rates of <i>A</i>. <i>fraterculus</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>leei</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>tamiyavanichii</i>, and <i>A</i>. <i>pseudogonyaulax</i> were quite similar. Specifically, these four species had the highest growth rates at two temperature levels of 24 °C and 27 °C, at salinities ranging from 25 psu to 35 psu. Furthermore, these species were 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Feb2026-04-08T19:09:11.41Z2025-06-26T03:05:56.442ZS-EPMC118620003999809810.3390/toxins17020081