biostudies-literatureUnknown24Hase AThe biopsychosocial model (BPSM) of challenge and threat provides a framework for understanding stress responses in motivated performance situations, including how stress relates to performance. In this model, experiences of challenge - characterized by evaluations of personal coping resources matching or exceeding situational demands - elicit approach-oriented patterns of physiological responding and tend to facilitate performance, whereas threat - characterized by demands exceeding resources - elicit avoidance-oriented patterns of physiological responding and tend to impair performance. Extant systematic reviews and meta-analyses support the idea that challenge facilitates performance relative to threat (Behnke and Kaczmarek, 2018[8]; Hase et al., 2019[50]). The present systematic reviewEXCLI journal151-176https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11869992biostudies-literatureThe effects of challenge and threat states on performance outcomes: An updated review and meta-analysis of recent findings.PMC11869992Szymanski KHase AKloskowski MMoore LJamieson JPNietschke MBehnke MfalseThe effects of challenge and threat states on performance outcomes: An updated review and meta-analysis of recent findings.The biopsychosocial model (BPSM) of challenge and threat provides a framework for understanding stress responses in motivated performance situations, including how stress relates to performance. In this model, experiences of challenge - characterized by evaluations of personal coping resources matching or exceeding situational demands - elicit approach-oriented patterns of physiological responding and tend to facilitate performance, whereas threat - characterized by demands exceeding resources - elicit avoidance-oriented patterns of physiological responding and tend to impair performance. Extant systematic reviews and meta-analyses support the idea that challenge facilitates performance relative to threat (Behnke and Kaczmarek, 2018[8]; Hase et al., 2019[50]). The present systematic review2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252025-04-04T00:04:07.849Z2025-04-04T00:04:07.849ZS-EPMC118699924002787810.17179/excli2024-7995