biostudies-literatureUnknown12(1)Lv ZUnder the strategic objectives of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, energy transition driven by new quality productive forces has emerged as a central theme in China's energy development. Among these, the intelligent sorting and analysis of raw coal using deep learning constitute a pivotal technical process. However, the progress of intelligent coal preparation in China has been constrained by the absence of accurate and large-scale data. To address this gap, this study introduces DsCGF, a large-scale, open-source raw coal image dataset. Over the past five years, extensive raw coal image samples were systematically collected and meticulously annotated from three representative mining regions in China, resulting in a dataset comprising over 270,000 visible-light images. These images are annotated at multiple levels, targeting three primary categories: coal, gangue, and foreign objects, and are designed for three core computer vision tasks: image classification, object detection, and instance segmentation. Comprehensive evaluation results indicate that the DsCGF can effectively support further research into the intelligent sorting of raw coal.Scientific data403https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11890867biostudies-literatureA large-scale open image dataset for deep learning-enabled intelligent sorting and analyzing of raw coal.PMC11890867Lv ZSun MSha TFan YCui YLv HWang WTu YWu YXu ZfalseA large-scale open image dataset for deep learning-enabled intelligent sorting and analyzing of raw coal.Under the strategic objectives of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, energy transition driven by new quality productive forces has emerged as a central theme in China's energy development. Among these, the intelligent sorting and analysis of raw coal using deep learning constitute a pivotal technical process. However, the progress of intelligent coal preparation in China has been constrained by the absence of accurate and large-scale data. To address this gap, this study introduces DsCGF, a large-scale, open-source raw coal image dataset. Over the past five years, extensive raw coal image samples were systematically collected and meticulously annotated from three representative mining regions in China, resulting in a dataset comprising over 270,000 visible-light images. These images are annotated at multiple levels, targeting three primary categories: coal, gangue, and foreign objects, and are designed for three core computer vision tasks: image classification, object detection, and instance segmentation. Comprehensive evaluation results indicate that the DsCGF can effectively support further research into the intelligent sorting of raw coal.2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Mar2025-04-04T08:22:27.854Z2025-04-04T08:22:27.854ZS-EPMC118908674005752610.1038/s41597-025-04719-0