biostudies-literatureUnknown20(3)Xu XMWe performed a meta-analysis to assess the role of vitamins in the possible pathogenesis and treatment of RLS (Restless Leg Syndrome). A systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Fifty-nine studies on the relationship between vitamins and RLS were included, as well as four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin treatment of RLS. Compared with non-RLS patients, serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower both in primary (P =  0.009) and secondary (P =  0.003) RLS patients, and appeared to be positively correlated with disease severity. Serum folate levels were lower in pregnant RLS patients than in pregnant non-RLS patients (P =  0.007), but this phenomenon was not seen in non-pregnant RLS patients (P =  0.65). Vitamin B12 (P PloS onee0313571https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11892881biostudies-literatureRole of vitamins in the pathogenesis and treatment of restless leg syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PMC11892881Ruan JHXu XMXiang SLTao TChen XMeng RLfalseRole of vitamins in the pathogenesis and treatment of restless leg syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.We performed a meta-analysis to assess the role of vitamins in the possible pathogenesis and treatment of RLS (Restless Leg Syndrome). A systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science databases was conducted. Fifty-nine studies on the relationship between vitamins and RLS were included, as well as four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on vitamin treatment of RLS. Compared with non-RLS patients, serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower both in primary (P =  0.009) and secondary (P =  0.003) RLS patients, and appeared to be positively correlated with disease severity. Serum folate levels were lower in pregnant RLS patients than in pregnant non-RLS patients (P =  0.007), but this phenomenon was not seen in non-pregnant RLS patients (P =  0.65). Vitamin B12 (P 2025-01-01T00:00:00Z20252025-04-22T11:17:53.646Z2025-04-05T23:54:01.713ZS-EPMC118928814006362010.1371/journal.pone.0313571