biostudies-literatureAbraham DNIAID NIH HHSFIC NIH HHSe0012373https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11896026biostudies-literatureUnknown19(3)<h4>Background</h4>Blood culture-based surveillance for typhoid fever has limited sensitivity, and operational challenges are encountered in resource-limited settings. Environmental surveillance targeting Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) shed in wastewater (WW), coupled with cross-sectional serosurveys of S. Typhi-specific antibodies estimating exposure to infection, emerges as a promising alternative.<h4>Methods</h4>We assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of wastewater (WW) and sero-surveillance for S. Typhi in Vellore, India, from May 2022 to April 2023. Monthly samples were collected from 40 sites in open drainage channels and processed using standardized protocols. DNA was extracted and analyzed via quantitative PCR for S. Typhi genes (ttr, tviB, staG) and the fecal biomarker HF183. CPLoS neglected tropical diseasesWastewater surveillance for Salmonella Typhi and its association with seroincidence of enteric fever in Vellore, India.PMC11896026K01 TW012177R21 AI176416Charles RCJohn JMohan VRTroman CAbraham DGrassly NCKumar DUzzell CBAiemjoy KGray ESrinivasan RVeeraraghavan BKathiresan LSasikumar MfalseWastewater surveillance for Salmonella Typhi and its association with seroincidence of enteric fever in Vellore, India.<h4>Background</h4>Blood culture-based surveillance for typhoid fever has limited sensitivity, and operational challenges are encountered in resource-limited settings. Environmental surveillance targeting Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) shed in wastewater (WW), coupled with cross-sectional serosurveys of S. Typhi-specific antibodies estimating exposure to infection, emerges as a promising alternative.<h4>Methods</h4>We assessed the feasibility and effectiveness of wastewater (WW) and sero-surveillance for S. Typhi in Vellore, India, from May 2022 to April 2023. Monthly samples were collected from 40 sites in open drainage channels and processed using standardized protocols. DNA was extracted and analyzed via quantitative PCR for S. Typhi genes (ttr, tviB, staG) and the fecal biomarker HF183. C2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Mar2025-04-26T02:52:47.548Z2025-04-06T10:35:38.581ZS-EPMC118960264002987210.1371/journal.pntd.0012373