biostudies-literaturePeralta Alvarez MPNational Institute for Health and Care ResearchWellcome Trust126444https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11906387biostudies-literatureUnknown42(26)A new and more effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is urgently needed, but development is hampered by the lack of validated immune correlates of protection. Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccination by the aerosol (AE) and intravenous (IV) routes has been shown to confer superior levels of protection from challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in non-human primates (NHP) compared with standard intradermal (ID) administration. This finding offers a valuable opportunity to investigate which aspects of immunity are associated with improved control of M.tb and may represent biomarkers or correlates of protection. As TB vaccine research to date has focused largely on cellular immunity, we aimed to better characterize the poorly-understood serum antibody response to BCG administered bVaccineIntravenous BCG vaccination in non-human primates induces superior serum antibody titers with enhanced avidity and opsonizing capacity compared to the intradermal route.PMC11906387WT 206331/Z/17/Z206331/Z/17/ZSatti IAzema HRDennis MSharpe SMcShane HSarfas CMorrison ASibley LDownward KLi SHarris SAPeralta Alvarez MPTanner RWhite AfalseIntravenous BCG vaccination in non-human primates induces superior serum antibody titers with enhanced avidity and opsonizing capacity compared to the intradermal route.A new and more effective tuberculosis (TB) vaccine is urgently needed, but development is hampered by the lack of validated immune correlates of protection. Bacillus Calmette Guérin (BCG) vaccination by the aerosol (AE) and intravenous (IV) routes has been shown to confer superior levels of protection from challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) in non-human primates (NHP) compared with standard intradermal (ID) administration. This finding offers a valuable opportunity to investigate which aspects of immunity are associated with improved control of M.tb and may represent biomarkers or correlates of protection. As TB vaccine research to date has focused largely on cellular immunity, we aimed to better characterize the poorly-understood serum antibody response to BCG administered b2024-01-01T00:00:00Z2024 Dec2025-04-18T12:47:16.961Z2025-04-06T22:10:20.402ZS-EPMC119063873952233710.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126444