biostudies-literatureUnknown19(2)Lee M<h4>Background/aims</h4>Recent studies have shown an increased risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who use both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). We analyzed the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and compared this risk between NSAID+PPI users and NSAID-only users.<h4>Methods</h4>In this retrospective, observational study, data from five hospitals were analyzed using a common data model to determine the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and compare this risk between NSAID+PPI users (target cohort) and NSAID-only users (comparative cohort). Cox proportional hazard models and the Kaplan-Meier estimations were employed after extensive propensity score matching.<h4>Results</h4>Among 24,530 individuals in the target cohorGut and liver243-252https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11907254biostudies-literatureRisk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model Analysis.PMC11907254Lee MCha JMKim MfalseRisk of Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug (NSAID) and Proton Pump Inhibitor Users Compared with NSAID-Only Users: A Common Data Model Analysis.<h4>Background/aims</h4>Recent studies have shown an increased risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding in patients who use both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). We analyzed the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and compared this risk between NSAID+PPI users and NSAID-only users.<h4>Methods</h4>In this retrospective, observational study, data from five hospitals were analyzed using a common data model to determine the risk of lower gastrointestinal bleeding and compare this risk between NSAID+PPI users (target cohort) and NSAID-only users (comparative cohort). Cox proportional hazard models and the Kaplan-Meier estimations were employed after extensive propensity score matching.<h4>Results</h4>Among 24,530 individuals in the target cohor2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Mar2025-04-06T11:39:16.158Z2025-04-06T11:39:16.158ZS-EPMC119072543974865010.5009/gnl240247