biostudies-literatureUnknown639(8055)Vicente-Serrano SMState-of-the-art climate models project a substantial decline in precipitation for the Mediterranean region in the future¹. Supporting this notion, several studies based on observed precipitation data spanning recent decades have suggested a decrease in Mediterranean precipitation^2-4, with some attributing a large fraction of this change to anthropogenic influences^3,5. Conversely, certain researchers have underlined that Mediterranean precipitation exhibits considerable spatiotemporal variability driven by atmospheric circulation patterns^6,7 maintaining stationarity over the long term^8,9. These conflicting perspectives underscore the need for a comprehensive assessment of precipitation changes in this region, given the profound social,Nature658-666https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11922772biostudies-literatureHigh temporal variability not trend dominates Mediterranean precipitation.PMC11922772Stevkov AAdell-Michavila MEl Khalki EMMohammed SGonzalez-Hidalgo JCBoucetta AAzorin-Molina CLuna MYSoubeyroux JMVicente-Serrano SMIvanov MPotopova VLima MMSahabi-Abed SMathbout SBocheva LSaidi MEDubuisson BKoutroulis AMaugeri MSelmi RPatalen LFernandez-Duque BGarrido-Perez JMPena-Angulo DManara VAbdulla FAlsafadi KReig FRibes ALionello PDumitrescu ATrigo RMBertalanic RMarkonis YHalifa-Marin AEddenjal ATurkes MBen Rached STramblay YRobaa SLlasat MCStevkova SKalin KCNoguera ILorenzo-Lacruz JBataineh SNieto RDabanli IGimeno-Sotelo LFayad ABegueria SGarcia-Herrera RGimeno LMamassis NMoutia SRadovanovic SCheval SKrzic ABarriopedro DBrunetti MAndres-Martin MRadevski IEl-Kenawy AMFranquesa MDominguez-Castro FBadi WHodzic SfalseHigh temporal variability not trend dominates Mediterranean precipitation.State-of-the-art climate models project a substantial decline in precipitation for the Mediterranean region in the future¹. Supporting this notion, several studies based on observed precipitation data spanning recent decades have suggested a decrease in Mediterranean precipitation^2-4, with some attributing a large fraction of this change to anthropogenic influences^3,5. Conversely, certain researchers have underlined that Mediterranean precipitation exhibits considerable spatiotemporal variability driven by atmospheric circulation patterns^6,7 maintaining stationarity over the long term^8,9. These conflicting perspectives underscore the need for a comprehensive assessment of precipitation changes in this region, given the profound social,2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Mar2026-05-29T15:30:13.296Z2025-04-26T05:46:13.362ZS-EPMC119227724007489910.1038/s41586-024-08576-6