biostudies-literatureFang JNatural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionNational Science Foundatione0206324https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11960086biostudies-literatureUnknown13(4)Talaromycosis is an invasive fungal disease caused by the pathogenic thermodimorphic fungus <i>Talaromyces marneffei</i> (TM), which is often overlooked in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. In view of the diversity of clinical manifestations in patients with TM infection, early diagnosis remains challenging. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of a novel immunohistochemical staining by performing CD86 immunohistochemical staining on 56 tissue sections from patients with talaromycosis who had fungal culture or metagenomic next-generation sequencing confirmed to exist in clinical specimens, as well as 26 patients with other fungi that had been culture-proven. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains were also applied to each specimen. We found that anti-CD8Microbiology spectrumCD86 immunohistochemical staining for the detection of <i>Talaromyces marneffei</i> in lesions.PMC119600862022GXNSFAA03545782260623Fang JChen HLiu DHamal KfalseCD86 immunohistochemical staining for the detection of <i>Talaromyces marneffei</i> in lesions.Talaromycosis is an invasive fungal disease caused by the pathogenic thermodimorphic fungus <i>Talaromyces marneffei</i> (TM), which is often overlooked in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. In view of the diversity of clinical manifestations in patients with TM infection, early diagnosis remains challenging. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of a novel immunohistochemical staining by performing CD86 immunohistochemical staining on 56 tissue sections from patients with talaromycosis who had fungal culture or metagenomic next-generation sequencing confirmed to exist in clinical specimens, as well as 26 patients with other fungi that had been culture-proven. Hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) stains were also applied to each specimen. We found that anti-CD82025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Apr2025-07-07T03:08:29.657Z2025-07-07T03:08:29.657ZS-EPMC119600863999214810.1128/spectrum.02063-24