biostudies-literatureUnknown25(1)Cao L<h4>Background</h4>The unique flavour and quality of Baijiu, a treasure of traditional Chinese culture, has attracted increasing attention. The pit mud is a key component for forming the unique flavour styles of different Baijiu brands. Hence, conducting in-depth research on the microbial colonies present in pit mud is paramount for enhancing the intricate bouquets of Baijiu flavours.<h4>Results</h4>This study conducts a comprehensive metagenomic examination of the microbial ecosystem within Chinese Jiang-Nong Jianxiang Baijiu fermentation pit mud. Within the pit mud walls, six prominent species, each accounting for more than 1% of the average relative abundance, emerged as key contributors: Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Secundilactobacillus silagincola, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, LentilactBMC microbiology190https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11963406biostudies-literatureMetagenomic and physicochemical profiling reveal microbial functions in pit mud for Jiang-Nong Jianxiang Baijiu fermentation.PMC11963406Cao LLiang CWang MZhang JLi TLi EShi GTian SLiu CSun HXu XXu ZfalseMetagenomic and physicochemical profiling reveal microbial functions in pit mud for Jiang-Nong Jianxiang Baijiu fermentation.<h4>Background</h4>The unique flavour and quality of Baijiu, a treasure of traditional Chinese culture, has attracted increasing attention. The pit mud is a key component for forming the unique flavour styles of different Baijiu brands. Hence, conducting in-depth research on the microbial colonies present in pit mud is paramount for enhancing the intricate bouquets of Baijiu flavours.<h4>Results</h4>This study conducts a comprehensive metagenomic examination of the microbial ecosystem within Chinese Jiang-Nong Jianxiang Baijiu fermentation pit mud. Within the pit mud walls, six prominent species, each accounting for more than 1% of the average relative abundance, emerged as key contributors: Lentilactobacillus buchneri, Secundilactobacillus silagincola, Clostridium tyrobutyricum, Lentilact2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Apr2026-06-06T16:40:11.275Z2025-06-28T03:05:21.583ZS-EPMC119634064017590310.1186/s12866-025-03884-x