biostudies-literatureLong JPNCATS NIH HHSNCI NIH HHSe253455https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11976493biostudies-literatureUnknown8(4)<h4>Importance</h4>Cytokine storm (CS) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome causing multiorgan dysfunction and high mortality, especially in patients with malignant hematologic neoplasms. Triggers include malignant neoplasm-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MN-HLH), cytokine release syndrome from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T CRS), and COVID-19, but the underlying mechanisms of inflammation and their impact on outcomes are poorly understood.<h4>Objective</h4>To delineate the inflammatory patterns characterizing different CS etiologies and their association with clinical outcomes.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, between March 1, 2020, and November 20, 2022, usJAMA network openCytokine Storms in COVID-19, Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, and CAR-T Therapy.PMC11976493P30 CA016672UL1 TR003167Castillo LEMRayson C KSamir UAhmed SAnai KMulanovich VEdelkamp PPhillip TTeny M JJay J PDaver NGJohn CKnafl MJuan CJames C YLucas RDavid JNicholas PMark KSabitha PChristopher GJohn WCristhiam RHIshwaria SPaul A SMaria GHussein TChihara DFlowers CRAndrew FKate HLong JPLee ADaniel P SBenju VWoodman SETejo MThomas A APratibha BJohn CTCatherine M CChingyi YElizabeth M BWestin JMyrna GMayoora MMark C WScott Eric WDrew GAl-Zaki AKiran K BBouthaina DIyer SPVinod RNeelapu SLionel ACMichael CCaroline CHannah C BHiba DAshley AMary MPaul EKenna R SCraig S OBilja SChien KData-Driven Determinants for COVID-19 Discovery Effort (D3CODE) TeamJ Jack LMary DMax C WEmily YTrey KJennifer LKhawaja FSanu AJillian GNastoupil LJStrati PKevin M DJeff JAnastasia TStephanie SKevin W MSteven ZCarol WNair RJanna A BSarah FGiulio DLessley J SPrakash RKaty E FJia WFutreal ABenjamin MSanjay SPriyadharshini PKristy BGregory R BJoseph NManzano JGfalseCytokine Storms in COVID-19, Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis, and CAR-T Therapy.<h4>Importance</h4>Cytokine storm (CS) is a hyperinflammatory syndrome causing multiorgan dysfunction and high mortality, especially in patients with malignant hematologic neoplasms. Triggers include malignant neoplasm-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (MN-HLH), cytokine release syndrome from chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T CRS), and COVID-19, but the underlying mechanisms of inflammation and their impact on outcomes are poorly understood.<h4>Objective</h4>To delineate the inflammatory patterns characterizing different CS etiologies and their association with clinical outcomes.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, between March 1, 2020, and November 20, 2022, us2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Apr2026-06-06T17:42:25.666Z2025-07-12T03:04:24.7ZS-EPMC119764934019307810.1001/jamanetworkopen.2025.3455