{"database":"biostudies-literature","file_versions":[],"scores":null,"additional":{"omics_type":["Unknown"],"volume":["16"],"submitter":["Sun S"],"pubmed_abstract":["Sarbecoviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, utilize angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the entry receptor; while merbecoviruses, such as MERS-CoV, use dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for viral entry. Recently, several MERS-related coronaviruses, NeoCoV and PDF-2180, were reported to use ACE2, the same receptor as SARS-CoV-2, to enter cells, raising the possibility of potential recombination between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-related coronaviruses within the co-infected ACE2-expressing cells. However, facing this potential recombination risk, the serum and antibody cross-reactivity against MERS/MERS-related coronaviruses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and/or infection is still elusive. Here, in this study, we showed that the serological cross-reactivity against MERS/MERS-related S proteins could be induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection but not by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Further investigation revealed that this serum cross-reactivity is due to monoclonals recognizing relatively conserved S2 epitopes, such as fusion peptide and stem helix, but not by antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD), N-terminal domain (NTD) or subdomain-1 (SD1). Some of these anti-S2 cross-reactive mAbs showed cross-neutralizing activity, while none of them exhibited antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect of viral entry <i>in vitro</i>. Together, these results dissected the SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced serological cross-reactivity against MERS/MERS-related coronaviruses, and highlighted the significance of conserved S2 region for the design and development of pan-β-coronaviruses vaccines."],"journal":["Frontiers in immunology"],"pagination":["1541269"],"full_dataset_link":["https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11985752"],"repository":["biostudies-literature"],"pubmed_title":["Anti-S2 antibodies responsible for the SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced serological cross-reactivity against MERS-CoV and MERS-related coronaviruses."],"pmcid":["PMC11985752"],"pubmed_authors":["Peng X","Liu L","He J","Zhu Y","Xie M","Han Y","Zhou Y","Yan Y","Zhang Q","Qiu Y","Sun L","Lu L","Wang Q","Xue S","Long Y","Sun S","Xia A","Gao Y","Lu T","Wu W"],"additional_accession":[]},"is_claimable":false,"name":"Anti-S2 antibodies responsible for the SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced serological cross-reactivity against MERS-CoV and MERS-related coronaviruses.","description":"Sarbecoviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2, utilize angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as the entry receptor; while merbecoviruses, such as MERS-CoV, use dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) for viral entry. Recently, several MERS-related coronaviruses, NeoCoV and PDF-2180, were reported to use ACE2, the same receptor as SARS-CoV-2, to enter cells, raising the possibility of potential recombination between SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-related coronaviruses within the co-infected ACE2-expressing cells. However, facing this potential recombination risk, the serum and antibody cross-reactivity against MERS/MERS-related coronaviruses after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and/or infection is still elusive. Here, in this study, we showed that the serological cross-reactivity against MERS/MERS-related S proteins could be induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection but not by inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Further investigation revealed that this serum cross-reactivity is due to monoclonals recognizing relatively conserved S2 epitopes, such as fusion peptide and stem helix, but not by antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (RBD), N-terminal domain (NTD) or subdomain-1 (SD1). Some of these anti-S2 cross-reactive mAbs showed cross-neutralizing activity, while none of them exhibited antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect of viral entry <i>in vitro</i>. Together, these results dissected the SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced serological cross-reactivity against MERS/MERS-related coronaviruses, and highlighted the significance of conserved S2 region for the design and development of pan-β-coronaviruses vaccines.","dates":{"release":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","publication":"2025","modification":"2026-07-03T03:24:57.659Z","creation":"2025-07-10T03:08:17.064Z"},"accession":"S-EPMC11985752","cross_references":{"pubmed":["40226608"],"doi":["10.3389/fimmu.2025.1541269"]}}