biostudies-literatureRamezani-Rad PNIAID NIH HHSNIHNIH HHSe185292https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC11996878biostudies-literatureUnknown135(8)Induction of durable protective immune responses is the main goal of prophylactic vaccines, and adjuvants play a role as drivers of such responses. Despite advances in vaccine strategies, development of a safe and effective HIV vaccine remains a significant challenge. Use of an appropriate adjuvant is crucial to the success of HIV vaccines. Here we assessed the saponin/MPLA nanoparticle (SMNP) adjuvant with an HIV envelope (Env) trimer, evaluating the safety and effect of multiple variables - including adjuvant dose (16-fold dose range), immunization route, and adjuvant composition - on the establishment of Env-specific memory T and B cell (TMem and BMem) responses and long-lived plasma cells in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Robust BMem were detected in all groups, but a 6-fold increase was obThe Journal of clinical investigationThe saponin monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle adjuvant induces dose-dependent HIV vaccine responses in nonhuman primates.PMC11996878S10OD025052UM1AI144462S10 OD025052UM1 AI144462U24 AI12668351OD011107P51 OD011107Marina-Zarate EIrvine DJSagar SLMyers ARamezani-Rad PMaiorino LSayeed EBurton DRCrotty SLemnios AABudai MBurton IPires ISWagner ASchief WRCottrell CAPradhan AKasturi SPGroschel BVan Rompay KKMelo MBLopez PGHangartner LKaczmarek Michaels KKumar DStiegler GPallerla SBloom NIfalseThe saponin monophosphoryl lipid A nanoparticle adjuvant induces dose-dependent HIV vaccine responses in nonhuman primates.Induction of durable protective immune responses is the main goal of prophylactic vaccines, and adjuvants play a role as drivers of such responses. Despite advances in vaccine strategies, development of a safe and effective HIV vaccine remains a significant challenge. Use of an appropriate adjuvant is crucial to the success of HIV vaccines. Here we assessed the saponin/MPLA nanoparticle (SMNP) adjuvant with an HIV envelope (Env) trimer, evaluating the safety and effect of multiple variables - including adjuvant dose (16-fold dose range), immunization route, and adjuvant composition - on the establishment of Env-specific memory T and B cell (TMem and BMem) responses and long-lived plasma cells in nonhuman primates (NHPs). Robust BMem were detected in all groups, but a 6-fold increase was ob2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Apr2026-06-01T14:53:49.946Z2026-04-08T13:33:56.438ZS-EPMC119968784003606810.1172/JCI185292