biostudies-literatureHolcomb MGulf Coast ConsortiaNIA NIH HHSNCI NIH HHSNINDS NIH HHSNLM NIH HHSNational Institute for Neurological Disorders and Stroke114https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12010691biostudies-literatureUnknown22(1)<h4>Background</h4>Recent studies have highlighted the potential influence of gut dysbiosis on traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. Alterations in the abundance and diversity of Lactobacillus species may affect immune dysregulation, neuroinflammatory responses, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, and neuroprotective mechanisms activated in response to TBI.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aims to evaluate the protective and preventive effects of Pan-probiotic (PP) treatment on the inflammatory response during both the acute and chronic phases of TBI.<h4>Methods</h4>Males and female mice underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury or sham. They received a PP mixture in drinking water containing strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. reuteri, L. helveticas, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus,Journal of neuroinflammationProbiotic treatment induces sex-dependent neuroprotection and gut microbiome shifts after traumatic brain injury.PMC12010691NLM Training Program in Biomedical Informatics & Data Science (T15LM007093).R56 AG080920R21 NS106640R56AG080920P30 CA125123T15 LM007093R21NS106640Flinn HHolcomb MSoriano SVillapol SMarshall AGGomez-Pinilla FTreangen TJLozano-Cavazos MfalseProbiotic treatment induces sex-dependent neuroprotection and gut microbiome shifts after traumatic brain injury.<h4>Background</h4>Recent studies have highlighted the potential influence of gut dysbiosis on traumatic brain injury (TBI) outcomes. Alterations in the abundance and diversity of Lactobacillus species may affect immune dysregulation, neuroinflammatory responses, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, and neuroprotective mechanisms activated in response to TBI.<h4>Objective</h4>This study aims to evaluate the protective and preventive effects of Pan-probiotic (PP) treatment on the inflammatory response during both the acute and chronic phases of TBI.<h4>Methods</h4>Males and female mice underwent controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury or sham. They received a PP mixture in drinking water containing strains of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. reuteri, L. helveticas, L. fermentum, L. rhamnosus,2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Apr2025-07-07T03:10:11.28Z2025-07-07T03:10:11.28ZS-EPMC120106914025457410.1186/s12974-025-03419-1