biostudies-literatureYang SShanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major ProjectScience and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality302https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12030110biostudies-literatureUnknown14(4)(1) Background: The treatment of <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> (<i>M. abscessus</i>) infections resistant to clarithromycin (CLR) is highly challenging. Traditional non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) chemotherapy may disturb the immune homeostasis of the host by increasing oxidative stress; therefore, host-directed immunotherapy is an alternative option for infections caused by <i>M. abscessus</i>. (2) Method: A clinical isolate of CLR-resistant <i>M. abscessus</i> was screened, and then the therapeutic effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against CLR-resistant <i>M. abscessus</i> infection were evaluated in Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cells and murine models. RNA sequencing and Western blot were used to profile the protective immune responses induced by NAC. The contribution of canPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)N-Acetylcysteine as a Host-Directed Therapy Against Clarithromycin-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium abscessus&lt;/i&gt;.PMC12030110ZD2021CY00121Y1190170020Z11901002Liu JMa RFan XDong YHu ZRen YHuang HLi FXu JXie SChen ZLong YZhang YHuang XYang SfalseN-Acetylcysteine as a Host-Directed Therapy Against Clarithromycin-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium abscessus&lt;/i&gt;.(1) Background: The treatment of <i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> (<i>M. abscessus</i>) infections resistant to clarithromycin (CLR) is highly challenging. Traditional non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) chemotherapy may disturb the immune homeostasis of the host by increasing oxidative stress; therefore, host-directed immunotherapy is an alternative option for infections caused by <i>M. abscessus</i>. (2) Method: A clinical isolate of CLR-resistant <i>M. abscessus</i> was screened, and then the therapeutic effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) against CLR-resistant <i>M. abscessus</i> infection were evaluated in Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cells and murine models. RNA sequencing and Western blot were used to profile the protective immune responses induced by NAC. The contribution of can2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 Mar2026-04-08T19:43:15.717Z2025-07-12T03:04:11.167ZS-EPMC120301104033308310.3390/pathogens14040302