biostudies-literatureUnknown132(9)Groen-van Schooten TS<h4>Background</h4>Gastric cancer (GC) patients from European (EU) and especially Latin American (LATAM) countries are underrepresented in previous large-scale multi-omic studies that have identified clinically relevant subgroups. The LEGACY study aimed to profile the molecular and immunological features of GCs from EU and LATAM countries.<h4>Methods</h4>Tumor biopsies from 95 EU and 56 LATAM GCs were profiled with immunohistochemistry (CD3, CD8, FOXP3, PD-L1, MSI and HER2), Nanostring mRNA expression analyses, and microbiome sequencing.<h4>Results</h4>Immune profiling identified four distinct immune clusters: a T cell dominant cluster with enriched activation pathways, a macrophage dominant cluster and an immune excluded microenvironment which were equally distributed among the countries.British journal of cancer783-792https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12041472biostudies-literatureImmune profiling of gastric adenocarcinomas in EU and LATAM countries identifies global differences in immune subgroups and microbiome influence.PMC12041472Boggino HCosta ARoa JCAlsina MRuiz-Pace FFreile BLino-Silva LCabeza-Segura MCaballero CDientsmann RMartinez-Ciarpaglini COwen GEsteso FPereira RGauna CLordick FFleitas TFernandez-Figueroa EARuiz-Garcia ESantos-Antunes JCantero DFerreira RMJimenez-Marti EGroen-van Schooten TSCarbonell-Asins JALatorre GFigueiredo CRiquelme ECervantes AMiralles ARiquelme APouw RECarneiro FHernandez-Guerrero AIGarrido MVillagrasa RDerks SBarros RDiez Garcia MO Connor JFarres JfalseImmune profiling of gastric adenocarcinomas in EU and LATAM countries identifies global differences in immune subgroups and microbiome influence.<h4>Background</h4>Gastric cancer (GC) patients from European (EU) and especially Latin American (LATAM) countries are underrepresented in previous large-scale multi-omic studies that have identified clinically relevant subgroups. The LEGACY study aimed to profile the molecular and immunological features of GCs from EU and LATAM countries.<h4>Methods</h4>Tumor biopsies from 95 EU and 56 LATAM GCs were profiled with immunohistochemistry (CD3, CD8, FOXP3, PD-L1, MSI and HER2), Nanostring mRNA expression analyses, and microbiome sequencing.<h4>Results</h4>Immune profiling identified four distinct immune clusters: a T cell dominant cluster with enriched activation pathways, a macrophage dominant cluster and an immune excluded microenvironment which were equally distributed among the countries.2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 May2026-04-08T19:50:01.425Z2025-07-06T03:05:50.007ZS-EPMC120414724011386210.1038/s41416-025-02979-6