biostudies-literatureYu YYunnan Revitalization Talent Support ProgramNational Natural Science Foundation of China514https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12093757biostudies-literatureUnknown26(1)<h4>Background</h4>The utilization of transcriptome technology in the identification of pivotal regulatory genes associated with immunity is of paramount importance. Previous studies have shown that undomesticated gayal (Bos frontalis) may have higher humoral responses which is comparable to yaks. However, research on immune function of gayal is limited, and comparisons with different breeds are rarely reported. The objective of this study was to inspect the immune status and compare splenic differential expression genes (DEGs) through comparative transcriptome analysis of gayal and domesticated local cattle (Yunan yellow cattle).<h4>Results</h4>Serum immunological status investigation showed the better humoral immune status and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines of gayal when compBMC genomicsSplenic comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the immunological mode of undomesticated Gayal (Bos frontalis) for adapting to harsh environments.PMC1209375732260841Fu RFu BHan LJin CLi QCheng YYu YLeng JfalseSplenic comparative transcriptome analysis reveals the immunological mode of undomesticated Gayal (Bos frontalis) for adapting to harsh environments.<h4>Background</h4>The utilization of transcriptome technology in the identification of pivotal regulatory genes associated with immunity is of paramount importance. Previous studies have shown that undomesticated gayal (Bos frontalis) may have higher humoral responses which is comparable to yaks. However, research on immune function of gayal is limited, and comparisons with different breeds are rarely reported. The objective of this study was to inspect the immune status and compare splenic differential expression genes (DEGs) through comparative transcriptome analysis of gayal and domesticated local cattle (Yunan yellow cattle).<h4>Results</h4>Serum immunological status investigation showed the better humoral immune status and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines of gayal when comp2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 May2026-06-01T05:21:05.044Z2026-04-08T09:30:43.874ZS-EPMC120937574039446610.1186/s12864-025-11718-3