biostudies-literatureWu JGuangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research FoundationGuangzhou Medical and Health Science and Technology ProjectGeneral projects of Guangzhou municipal Science and Technology Bureau843https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12095733biostudies-literatureUnknown16(1)<h4>Background</h4>Prostate cancer remains a major global health burden for men, with its incidence and mortality steadily rising. Thyroid hormones, critical regulators of metabolism and cell growth, have been implicated in tumorigenesis, yet their specific role in prostate cancer risk remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the relationship between thyroid hormones and prostate cancer using multidimensional approaches.<h4>Methods</h4>A three-phase study design was employed: (1) A cross-sectional analysis of The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to examine thyroid hormone levels (FT3 and T3) and prostate cancer risk; (2) Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data to explore causal relationships; (3) BDiscover oncologyMultidimensional investigation of thyroid hormones and prostate cancer: insights from NHANES, Mendelian randomization, genetic markers, and bioinformatics analyses.PMC120957332023A04J05982022A151511112220231A011103Wu JLi JGuo JWang BXu RChen YZeng XZhu XChen SfalseMultidimensional investigation of thyroid hormones and prostate cancer: insights from NHANES, Mendelian randomization, genetic markers, and bioinformatics analyses.<h4>Background</h4>Prostate cancer remains a major global health burden for men, with its incidence and mortality steadily rising. Thyroid hormones, critical regulators of metabolism and cell growth, have been implicated in tumorigenesis, yet their specific role in prostate cancer risk remains unclear. This study systematically investigates the relationship between thyroid hormones and prostate cancer using multidimensional approaches.<h4>Methods</h4>A three-phase study design was employed: (1) A cross-sectional analysis of The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to examine thyroid hormone levels (FT3 and T3) and prostate cancer risk; (2) Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data to explore causal relationships; (3) B2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 May2026-04-23T03:21:50.889Z2026-04-23T03:11:40.84ZS-EPMC120957334039728510.1007/s12672-025-02672-3