biostudies-literatureIslam KMKing Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia17609https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12095737biostudies-literatureUnknown15(1)Limitations in cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior are hallmarks of Intellectual Disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disease. Specific genetic disorders that result in ID can also have immune system anomalies, such as changes in T (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺) cell activity. This work aimed to compare single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and transcriptome data to find biomarkers linked to T cells that could potentially be utilized for the diagnosis and assessment of ID. After integrating genes and performing a comparative analysis 196 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Furthermore, the DAVID online platform and FunRich software were utilized to detect signal transduction and translation, immune response, MHC (Major Histocompatibility ComplexScientific reportsIdentification of cell specific biomarkers for intellectual disability via single cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomic bioinformatics approaches.PMC12095737RSPD2024R744Rahman MMIslam KMHossain MAHasan MIRahman MHKhan MAnsari SAHumayoo MApu PSfalseIdentification of cell specific biomarkers for intellectual disability via single cell RNA sequencing and transcriptomic bioinformatics approaches.Limitations in cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior are hallmarks of Intellectual Disability (ID), a neurodevelopmental disease. Specific genetic disorders that result in ID can also have immune system anomalies, such as changes in T (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺) cell activity. This work aimed to compare single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and transcriptome data to find biomarkers linked to T cells that could potentially be utilized for the diagnosis and assessment of ID. After integrating genes and performing a comparative analysis 196 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Furthermore, the DAVID online platform and FunRich software were utilized to detect signal transduction and translation, immune response, MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 May2026-06-02T20:59:22.415Z2026-04-20T03:14:31.653ZS-EPMC120957374039953710.1038/s41598-025-85162-4