biostudies-literatureUnknown52Zhang Y<h4>Background</h4>Transplantation of cartilaginous organoids for repairing cartilage defects in osteoarthritis represents a novel treatment approach. However, A controversial argument remains about whether cartilaginous organoids derived from the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the three-dimensional (3D) environment are strictly organoids and whether the inflammatory microenvironment would affect the success rate of organoid transplantation. This study characterized 3D BMSC-derived cartilaginous organoids and developed an inflammatory organoid model to better understand the transcriptomic changes in the organoids induced by the microenvironment when transplanted into the knee with osteoarthritis.<h4>Methods</h4>Spatial growth BMSCs were generated and cultuJournal of orthopaedic translation376-386https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biostudies/studies/S-EPMC12138948biostudies-literatureEstablishment and characterization of an inflammatory cartilaginous organoids model for organoid transplantation study.PMC12138948Liu HPeng YTang JMa RZhang YFang QWang WfalseEstablishment and characterization of an inflammatory cartilaginous organoids model for organoid transplantation study.<h4>Background</h4>Transplantation of cartilaginous organoids for repairing cartilage defects in osteoarthritis represents a novel treatment approach. However, A controversial argument remains about whether cartilaginous organoids derived from the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the three-dimensional (3D) environment are strictly organoids and whether the inflammatory microenvironment would affect the success rate of organoid transplantation. This study characterized 3D BMSC-derived cartilaginous organoids and developed an inflammatory organoid model to better understand the transcriptomic changes in the organoids induced by the microenvironment when transplanted into the knee with osteoarthritis.<h4>Methods</h4>Spatial growth BMSCs were generated and cultu2025-01-01T00:00:00Z2025 May2026-03-31T10:51:07.872Z2025-08-28T03:05:51.202ZS-EPMC121389484047606710.1016/j.jot.2025.05.002